Asma bronquial en pacientes adultos atendidos en el Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón en el año 2016
Fecha
2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
Introducción: El asma es un síndrome que incluye diversas características clínicas que comparten manifestaciones clínicas similares, pero de etiologías probablemente diferentes.
Hoy conocemos cómo el asma bronquial es una enfermedad mucho más compleja de lo que inicialmente se consideraba. De tal manera que en la actualidad no se habla de una sola enfermedad, sino de un síndrome que incluye entidades nosológicas que pueden presentar características comunes diferenciales.
Cada característica clínica y fisiopatológica va a depender de mayor o menor grado de la herencia genética y de los factores ambientales.
Según la OMS calcula que en la actualidad hay 235 millones de pacientes con asma bronquial en el mundo.
El asma está presente en todos los países, independientemente de su grado de desarrollo. Más del 80% de las muertes por asma tienen lugar en países de ingresos bajos y medios-bajos.
Por encima de este porcentaje aparecen Perú, Costa Rica y Brasil. Ecuador no registra datos en este estudio. La prevalencia de asma no solo en la población infantil si no en la demás población ecuatoriana no se aleja de las medias establecidas para países vecinos.
Las muertes por asma aumentarán en casi un 20% en los próximos 10 años si no se toman medidas urgentes, el asma no se cura, pero con un diagnóstico y tratamiento adecuados y la educación del paciente se puede lograr un buen control de la enfermedad.
Como propósito principal de este estudio se realizó la identificación y manejo de estas características clínicas y subclínicas en el asma bronquial, así como la respuesta adecuada al tratamiento en estos pacientes cuyo método será observacional y analítico.
Palabras claves: Asma bronquial, status asmático, hiperreactividad bronquial, alérgenos medioambientales.
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Introduction: Asthma is a syndrome that includes several clinical features that share similar clinical manifestations, but of probably different etiologies. Today we know how bronchial asthma is a much more complex disease than initially thought. In such a way that at present does not speak of a single disease, but of a syndrome that includes nosologic entities that can present common characteristics differential. Each clinical and pathophysiological characteristic will depend on greater or lesser degree of genetic inheritance and environmental factors. According to WHO estimates there are currently 235 million patients with bronchial asthma in the world. Asthma is present in all countries, regardless of their degree of development. More than 80% of asthma deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Above this percentage are Peru, Costa Rica and Brazil. Ecuador does not record data in this study. The prevalence of asthma not only in the infant population but in the other Ecuadorian population is not far from the means established for neighboring countries. Asthma deaths will increase by almost 20% in the next 10 years if no urgent action is taken, asthma is not cured, but with proper diagnosis and treatment and patient education can be achieved good control of the disease. The main purpose of this study was the identification and management of these clinical and subclinical characteristics in bronchial asthma, as well as the adequate response to treatment in these patients whose method will be observ ational and analytical.
Introduction: Asthma is a syndrome that includes several clinical features that share similar clinical manifestations, but of probably different etiologies. Today we know how bronchial asthma is a much more complex disease than initially thought. In such a way that at present does not speak of a single disease, but of a syndrome that includes nosologic entities that can present common characteristics differential. Each clinical and pathophysiological characteristic will depend on greater or lesser degree of genetic inheritance and environmental factors. According to WHO estimates there are currently 235 million patients with bronchial asthma in the world. Asthma is present in all countries, regardless of their degree of development. More than 80% of asthma deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Above this percentage are Peru, Costa Rica and Brazil. Ecuador does not record data in this study. The prevalence of asthma not only in the infant population but in the other Ecuadorian population is not far from the means established for neighboring countries. Asthma deaths will increase by almost 20% in the next 10 years if no urgent action is taken, asthma is not cured, but with proper diagnosis and treatment and patient education can be achieved good control of the disease. The main purpose of this study was the identification and management of these clinical and subclinical characteristics in bronchial asthma, as well as the adequate response to treatment in these patients whose method will be observ ational and analytical.
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ESTADO ASMATICO, HIPERACTIVIDAD BRONQUIAL, ALERGENOS, HOSPITAL DE ESPECIALIDADES GUAYAQUIL DR. ABEL GILBERT PONTON, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR, AMBIENTE, ADULTO