Oligohidramnios: factores predisponentes y complicaciones perinatales en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil período 2013-2016
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
El oligohidramnios se define como la disminución del volumen normal de líquido amniótico a cifras patológicas para determinada edad gestacional, con valor menor a 500 mL, o un índice de líquido amniótico por ecografía de menos de 8 cm. Es una patología que representa complicaciones en la integridad fetal y estado de salud materno.
Objetivo: Determinar los Factores predisponentes y complicaciones perinatales más frecuentes asociados a Oligohidramnios en gestantes atendidas en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, periodo 2013- 2016.
Metodología: Se realiza un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, no experimental. Se estudia una población de 538 gestantes atendidas en el hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, de las cuales 120 fueron tomadas en cuenta para el estudio mediante criterios de inclusión y exclusión.
Resultados: Del total de pacientes se evidenció que el tipo de Oligohidramnios de mayor prevalencia es el moderado con un 52%, los factores predisponentes al desarrollo de esta patología en nuestro medio son la ruptura prematura de membranas, las infecciones de vías urinarias y trastornos hipertensivos. Se aprecia que el 92 %de pacientes se encontraba en el tercer trimestre de gestación, la vía de culminación embarazo fue mediante parto por cesárea. Dentro de los resultados perinatales encontramos pacientes que mostraron bajo peso al nacer, prematuridad y síndrome de aspiración de líquido meconial.
Oligohydramnios is defined as a decrease in the normal volume of amniotic fluid to pathological figures for a certain gestational age, with a value less than 500 ml, or an ultrasound index of amniotic fluid of less than 8 cm. It is a pathology that represents complications in fetal integrity and maternal health status. Objective: To determine the predisposing factors and most frequent perinatal complications associated with oligohydramnios in pregnant women attended at the University Hospital of Guayaquil, period 2013-2016. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective, non-experimental study is carried out. We study a population of 538 pregnant attended in the University Hospital of Guayaquil, of which 120 were taken into account for the study by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The total number of patients showed that the type of oligohydramnios of higher prevalence is the moderate with 52%, the factors predisposing to the development of this pathology in our midst are the premature rupture of membranes, urinary tract infections and hypertensive disorders. It is observed that 92% of patients were in the third trimester of gestation, the route of culmination pregnancy was by cesarean delivery. Within the perinatal outcomes we found patients who showed low birthweight, prematurity and meconium aspiration syndrome.
Oligohydramnios is defined as a decrease in the normal volume of amniotic fluid to pathological figures for a certain gestational age, with a value less than 500 ml, or an ultrasound index of amniotic fluid of less than 8 cm. It is a pathology that represents complications in fetal integrity and maternal health status. Objective: To determine the predisposing factors and most frequent perinatal complications associated with oligohydramnios in pregnant women attended at the University Hospital of Guayaquil, period 2013-2016. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective, non-experimental study is carried out. We study a population of 538 pregnant attended in the University Hospital of Guayaquil, of which 120 were taken into account for the study by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The total number of patients showed that the type of oligohydramnios of higher prevalence is the moderate with 52%, the factors predisposing to the development of this pathology in our midst are the premature rupture of membranes, urinary tract infections and hypertensive disorders. It is observed that 92% of patients were in the third trimester of gestation, the route of culmination pregnancy was by cesarean delivery. Within the perinatal outcomes we found patients who showed low birthweight, prematurity and meconium aspiration syndrome.
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Oligohidramnios, Complcaciones perinatales, Líquido amniótico, Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Causalidad