Linfoma no Hodgkin: perfil clínico, epidemiológico y sus complicaciones en pacientes adultos mayores atendidos en Instituto Oncológico Nacional Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo período 2012-2015
Fecha
2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
El Linfoma no Hodgkin (LNH) es un trastorno linfoproliferativo crónico que reúne múltiples variedades de neoplasias derivadas de los linfocitos. Se ha observado un aumento de su incidencia en las últimas décadas. Actualmente tiene una tasa de incidencia estandarizada por edad, a nivel mundial existe un 5.1 por cada 100, 000 habitantes según la OMS, con un rango entre 8.5 en países más desarrollados y 3.5 por cada 100 000 en los países menos desarrollados. El propósito del siguiente trabajo de titulación fue analizar el perfil clínico, epidemiológico y sus complicaciones del Linfoma no Hodgkin: en pacientes adultos mayores atendidos en instituto oncológico nacional “Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo” periodo 2012-2015, de esta manera se espera actualizar información de esta patología de demanda creciente en la población de adultos mayores y así proporcionar recomendaciones que sirvan para elaborar estrategias de prevención de complicaciones y minimizar el impacto negativo de esta patología. Se realizó un estudio de enfoque analítico cuantitativo y transversal, que incluyó a 240 pacientes durante el periodo de enero del 2012 hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2015. Concluyendo que la mayor de pacientes afectados por el linfoma no Hodgkin, fue la población de adultos mayores que estaba comprendido entre los grupos etarios de mayores de 91 años que fue la de mayor prevalencia con un 66%. El grupo laboral de profesión obrera (29%) fueron los que mayormente padecen de linfoma de Hodgkin. En cuanto al lugar de procedencia, la provincia del Guayas ocupa el primer lugar con el 54 %, seguido de la provincia de santa Elena con el 22 % y la provincia de EL Oro con un 12 %. Se asoció a comorbilidades, siendo las enfermedades de tipo autoinmunes quienes prevalecen en este tipo de pacientes con un 60 %, la diabetes mellitus en un 24 %, además asociados a enfermedades inmunosupresoras de diferentes tipos con 14 %. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron el Ca de pulmón en primer lugar con un seguido de Ca de pulmón con un 46 %, seguido de leucemia con un 26 %, Ca de Colon con 16%, Ca de mama 8 % y el Ca de próstata con un 4%. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre las complicaciones y los factores de riesgo (p0,001) y la edad (p0,003).
Palabra Clave: Linfoma, No Hodgkin, perfil clínico, complicaciones.
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder that brings together multiple varieties of neoplasms derived from lymphocytes. An increase in its incidence in the last decades has been observed. It currently has an age-standardized incidence rate; worldwide there is a 5.1 per 100,000 population according to WHO, ranging from 8.5 in more developed countries to 3.5 per 100,000 in less developed countries. The purpose of the next titration study was to analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile and its complications of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: in elderly patients attended at a national cancer institute "Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo" during the period 2012-2015. This pathology of increasing demand in the elderly population and thus provide recommendations that serve to elaborate strategies to prevent complications and minimize the negative impact of this pathology. A quantitative and cross-sectional analytical study was conducted, including 240 patients during the period January 2012 to December 31, 2015. Concluding that the largest number of patients affected by Non-Hodgkin lymphoma was the elderly population Which was among the age groups of 91 years and older, which was the most prevalent with 66%. The labor group of the working class (29%) were the ones that most suffer from Hodgkin lymphoma. As for the place of origin, the province of Guayas occupies the first place with 54%, followed by the province of Santa Elena with 22% and the province of El Oro with 12%. It was associated with comorbidities, with autoimmune diseases being prevalent in this type of patients with 60%, diabetes mellitus in 24%, and associated with immunosuppressive diseases of different types with 14%. The most frequent complications were Ca-lung first followed by Ca-lung with 46%, followed by leukemia with 26%, Ca-Ca with 16%, Ca-containing 8% and Ca-prostate with 4%. We found a statistically significant association between complications and risk factors (p0.001) and age (p0.003).
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder that brings together multiple varieties of neoplasms derived from lymphocytes. An increase in its incidence in the last decades has been observed. It currently has an age-standardized incidence rate; worldwide there is a 5.1 per 100,000 population according to WHO, ranging from 8.5 in more developed countries to 3.5 per 100,000 in less developed countries. The purpose of the next titration study was to analyze the clinical and epidemiological profile and its complications of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: in elderly patients attended at a national cancer institute "Dr. Juan Tanca Marengo" during the period 2012-2015. This pathology of increasing demand in the elderly population and thus provide recommendations that serve to elaborate strategies to prevent complications and minimize the negative impact of this pathology. A quantitative and cross-sectional analytical study was conducted, including 240 patients during the period January 2012 to December 31, 2015. Concluding that the largest number of patients affected by Non-Hodgkin lymphoma was the elderly population Which was among the age groups of 91 years and older, which was the most prevalent with 66%. The labor group of the working class (29%) were the ones that most suffer from Hodgkin lymphoma. As for the place of origin, the province of Guayas occupies the first place with 54%, followed by the province of Santa Elena with 22% and the province of El Oro with 12%. It was associated with comorbidities, with autoimmune diseases being prevalent in this type of patients with 60%, diabetes mellitus in 24%, and associated with immunosuppressive diseases of different types with 14%. The most frequent complications were Ca-lung first followed by Ca-lung with 46%, followed by leukemia with 26%, Ca-Ca with 16%, Ca-containing 8% and Ca-prostate with 4%. We found a statistically significant association between complications and risk factors (p0.001) and age (p0.003).
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Linfoma no Hodgkin, Perfil clínico, Complicaciones, Hospital SOLCA de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Anciano, Perfil de salud