Amenaza de parto pretérmino, screening de cervicometría estudio a realizar en Consulta Externa del Servicio de Gineco-Obstetricia - Hospital del IESS Durán, año 2015
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
El parto pretérmino se define como aquel que ocurre antes de la semana 37 de gestación. Su etiología es compleja y multifactorial, en la que pueden intervenir de forma simultánea factores inflamatorios, isquémicos, inmunológicos, mecánicos y hormonales.
La amenaza de parto pretérmino (APP) es el proceso clínico sintomático que sin tratamiento, o cuando éste fracasa, puede conducir a un parto pretérmino. La hospitalización por APP supone gran parte de los costes asociados al cuidado prenatal y es uno de los principales motivos de ingreso de una gestante antes del parto. Por tanto, la APP sería el último escalón en la prevención de la prematuridad.
Como complemento a la valoración del cérvix mediante tacto vaginal y para aumentar su sensibilidad diagnóstica, disponemos de marcadores del parto pretérmino como son la longitud cervical medida por ecografía transvaginal y el test de la fibronectina (fFN). Aunque es conocido el alto valor predictivo negativo de la combinación del test de fFN negativo y una longitud cervical >25 mm, en la actualidad no está clara la rentabilidad del uso de una sola, o de las dos en combinación
El propósito de este estudio es determinar por observación indirecta, un análisis completo sobre eficacia de este método de diagnóstico, para ayudar a la recolección de datos sobre uso de este método de imagen, y con esta información contribuir a la mejora de la calidad de vida de las pacientes. Este trabajo es un estudio de naturaleza tecnológica, un estudio básico, retrospectivo y descriptivo que se realiza a través la observación indirecta, mediante el análisis de historias clínicas de las pacientes que acuden a la consulta externa del departamento de Ginecología del Hospital IESS de Duran durante el periodo 2015.
Palabras Claves: parto pretérmino, diagnostico, ultrasonografía, longitud cervical, prevención, tratamiento, corticosteroides, factores de riesgo, educación
Preterm birth is defined as that which occurs before week 37 of pregnancy. Its etiology is complex and multifactorial, in which can intervene simultaneously inflammatory, ischemic, immunological, mechanical and hormonal factors. The preterm labor threat (PLT) is the symptomatic clinical process that without treatment, or when this fails, it can lead to a preterm delivery. Hospitalization by PLT assumes much of the costs associated with prenatal care and is one of the main reasons for entry of a pregnant woman before childbirth. Therefore, the PLT would be the last step in the prevention of prematurity. As a complement to the assessment of the cervix via vaginal touch and to increase its sensitivity, we have markers of preterm birth such as cervical length measured by transvaginal ultrasound and fibronectin (FNT) test. Though it is known the high negative predictive value of the combination of the test negative FNT and a cervical length; 25 mm, currently is not clear profitability of the use of a single, or the two in combination The purpose of this study is to determine by indirect observation, a complete analysis on effectiveness of this method of diagnosis, to help collect data on use of this method of image, and with this information contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of the patients. This work is a study of a technological nature, a basic, descriptive and retrospective study performed through indirect observation, through the analysis of medical records of the patients attending the outpatient Department of Gynecology of the IESS Hospital Duran during the 2015 period.
Preterm birth is defined as that which occurs before week 37 of pregnancy. Its etiology is complex and multifactorial, in which can intervene simultaneously inflammatory, ischemic, immunological, mechanical and hormonal factors. The preterm labor threat (PLT) is the symptomatic clinical process that without treatment, or when this fails, it can lead to a preterm delivery. Hospitalization by PLT assumes much of the costs associated with prenatal care and is one of the main reasons for entry of a pregnant woman before childbirth. Therefore, the PLT would be the last step in the prevention of prematurity. As a complement to the assessment of the cervix via vaginal touch and to increase its sensitivity, we have markers of preterm birth such as cervical length measured by transvaginal ultrasound and fibronectin (FNT) test. Though it is known the high negative predictive value of the combination of the test negative FNT and a cervical length; 25 mm, currently is not clear profitability of the use of a single, or the two in combination The purpose of this study is to determine by indirect observation, a complete analysis on effectiveness of this method of diagnosis, to help collect data on use of this method of image, and with this information contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of the patients. This work is a study of a technological nature, a basic, descriptive and retrospective study performed through indirect observation, through the analysis of medical records of the patients attending the outpatient Department of Gynecology of the IESS Hospital Duran during the 2015 period.
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Amenaza de parto prematuro, Cervicometría, Consulta externa hospitalaria, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital Básico IESS Durán, Cantón Durán, Ecuador, Diagnóstico prenatal