Aplicación del sistema Barrera, Esterilización, Desinfección, Asepsia en la prevención de enfermedades infectocontagiosas por riesgo ocupacional en el área de cirugía bucaL
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2013-06-21
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
Resumen
Relevantes y reiteradas investigaciones han demostrado que un gran número de infecciones puede transmitirse durante el ejercicio de la Estomatología y sus especialidades quirúrgicas como la cirugía bucal. Si valoramos la significativa variedad de microorganismos encontrados en la cavidad oral, no hay dudas de que importantes agentes biológicos infecciosos pueden estar en el área de trabajo odontológico (1,2).
La posibilidad de contaminación durante los procederes quirúrgicos no se debe ignorar y tanto el cirujano como el técnico ayudante deben cumplir con las precauciones universales para protegerse, prevenir el contagio del personal auxiliar y evitar que se afecten los pacientes que acuden a consulta y reciben atención quirúrgica. Las posibles formas de transmisión de enfermedades son del paciente al personal quirúrgico, del personal quirúrgico al paciente y entre pacientes.
La importancia de las enfermedades infecciosas no es un tema nuevo, pues desde el surgimiento de la Microbiología se ha insistido en la necesidad de protegerse; pero la aparición de agentes biológicos letales como el VIH, han impulsado el desarrollo de la Bioseguridad en todas las esferas de las ciencias médicas y es nuestro objetivo mostrar su relación con la Cirugía Maxilofacial.
La siguiente investigación va enfocada a dar a conocer las determinadas pautas de trabajo en el ejercicio de nuestra profesión ya que la odontología es una profesión que es considerada de alto riesgo.
Es así que la atención odontológica requiere de condiciones asépticas y para lograrlas se deben implementar medidas referidas a la protección personal,empleo de los antisépticos, desinfectantes, métodos adecuados de esterilización y tratamiento de residuos patogénicos.
El personal de odontología y el personal que trabajan en el consultorio odontológico están expuestos a una gran variedad de microorganismos
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desde esporas,bacterias,hongos, virus y protozoarios que pueden encontrarse en la sangre o saliva de los pacientes. Cualquiera de estos microorganismos puede causar una enfermedad infectocontagiosa a través de pinchazos o salpicaduras producidas por el aerosol utilizado en la práctica dental y de una manera indirecta en el momento de limpiar el instrumental o eliminar desechos.
Es así que todos y cada uno de los profesionales y el personal asistente que trabajen en un consultorio odontológico se ocupan de la constante y excelente conservación y presentación de la planta física y de todos los ambientes de trabajo.
La higiene de los ambientes deberá ser de primerísima calidad antes, durante, y después de la presentación de los servicios profesionales.
Con el fin de ejecutar las medidas más eficientes para la protección de todos los que mantienen una relación directa e indirecta con la odontología, deberemos cumplir fielmente todas las pautas que constituyen el denominado B.E.D.A. Este nombre ha sido formado con las iniciales de las cuatro etapas que aquí describimos:
-Barreras.
-Esterilización.
-Desinfección.
-Asepsia
Relevant and repeated studies have shown that a large number of infections may be transmitted during exercise of Stomatology and surgical specialties including oral surgery . If we value the significant variety of microorganisms found in the oral cavity, there is no doubt that major infectious biological agents may be in the area of dental work (1,2). The possibility of contamination during the surgical procedures should not be ignored and both the surgeon and the TA must comply with universal precautions to protect themselves, prevent the spread of auxiliary personnel and prevent patients attending consultation and surgical care are affecting . Possible ways of transmitting diseases are surgical personnel patient , the surgical personnel to the patient and between patients . The importance of infectious diseases is not a new issue , because since the emergence of Microbiology has stressed the need for protection , but the appearance of lethal biological agents such as HIV, have prompted the development of biosafety in all areas medical science and it is our aim to show its relation Maxillofacial Surgery. The following research is focused to give out certain work patterns in the exercise of our profession and that dentistry is a profession that is considered high risk. Thus dental care required to achieve aseptic conditions and should implement measures relating to personal protection , use of antiseptics , disinfectants, proper methods of sterilization and medical waste . The dental personnel and staff working in the dental office are exposed to a variety of microorganisms 2 from spores, bacteria , fungi, viruses and protozoa can be found in blood or saliva of patients. Any of these microorganisms can cause an infectious disease through puncture or splashing produced by the aerosol used in dental practice and in a roundabout way at the time of cleaning instruments or eliminate waste. Thus every one of the professional and the personal assistant to work in a dental office dealing with the constant and excellent preservation and presentation of the physical plant and all work environments. Hygiene environments must be of the highest quality before, during , and after the presentation of professional services . In order to implement the most effective measures for the protection of all those who have a direct or indirect relation to dentistry , we faithfully fulfill all the guidelines that constitute the so-called BEDA This name has been formed with the initials of the four steps described here : Barriers. - Sterilization - Disinfection - Asepsis
Relevant and repeated studies have shown that a large number of infections may be transmitted during exercise of Stomatology and surgical specialties including oral surgery . If we value the significant variety of microorganisms found in the oral cavity, there is no doubt that major infectious biological agents may be in the area of dental work (1,2). The possibility of contamination during the surgical procedures should not be ignored and both the surgeon and the TA must comply with universal precautions to protect themselves, prevent the spread of auxiliary personnel and prevent patients attending consultation and surgical care are affecting . Possible ways of transmitting diseases are surgical personnel patient , the surgical personnel to the patient and between patients . The importance of infectious diseases is not a new issue , because since the emergence of Microbiology has stressed the need for protection , but the appearance of lethal biological agents such as HIV, have prompted the development of biosafety in all areas medical science and it is our aim to show its relation Maxillofacial Surgery. The following research is focused to give out certain work patterns in the exercise of our profession and that dentistry is a profession that is considered high risk. Thus dental care required to achieve aseptic conditions and should implement measures relating to personal protection , use of antiseptics , disinfectants, proper methods of sterilization and medical waste . The dental personnel and staff working in the dental office are exposed to a variety of microorganisms 2 from spores, bacteria , fungi, viruses and protozoa can be found in blood or saliva of patients. Any of these microorganisms can cause an infectious disease through puncture or splashing produced by the aerosol used in dental practice and in a roundabout way at the time of cleaning instruments or eliminate waste. Thus every one of the professional and the personal assistant to work in a dental office dealing with the constant and excellent preservation and presentation of the physical plant and all work environments. Hygiene environments must be of the highest quality before, during , and after the presentation of professional services . In order to implement the most effective measures for the protection of all those who have a direct or indirect relation to dentistry , we faithfully fulfill all the guidelines that constitute the so-called BEDA This name has been formed with the initials of the four steps described here : Barriers. - Sterilization - Disinfection - Asepsis
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CIRUGIA BUCO-MAXILOFACIAL, BIOSEGURIDAD, ENFERMEDADES TRANSMISIBLES