Enfermedad renal crónica : principales complicaciones del tratamiento dialítico, estudio a realizarse en el Hospital de Especialidades Abel Gilbert Pontón, año 2014-2015
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
Introducción: La Enfermedad Renal Crónica tiene una amplia prevalencia a nivel mundial, las principales causas son Hipertensión y Diabetes mellitus. La diálisis, una de las modalidades terapéuticas de elección en estadios terminales de la enfermedad renal trae consigo la aparición de complicaciones que han sido tema de estudio hace mucho tiempo. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la frecuencia con la que los pacientes sometidos a diálisis presentan dichas complicaciones y cuáles son las más frecuentes según las distintas modalidades dialíticas. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal retrospectivo, descriptivo, no experimental. Se realizó la recolección de datos mediante información obtenida del departamento de estadística del Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón y revisión sistemática de las historias clínicas de los pacientes enfermos renales crónicos sometidos a diálisis en el Hospital. Se tabuló la información en una hoja de Excel y su posterior análisis se lo realizo mediante tablas estadísticas. Resultados: de los 119 casos incluidos en el estudio 75 se realizan hemodiálisis (63%) y 44 diálisis peritoneal (37%). Las complicaciones más frecuentes asociadas a diálisis peritoneal fueron peritonitis (63.6%), disfunción del catete de diálisis (52.3%) e infecciones asociadas (38.6%). El 84% de las complicaciones se presentaron asociadas a otra complicación. En cuanto a hemodiálisis las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron síndrome de desequilibrio post diálisis (28%), hipertensión arterial (22.7%), infecciones del acceso vascular (20%). La patología más asociada en ambos casos de modalidad dialítica fueron Diabetes mellitus (29.4%), Hipertensión arterial ((20.2%). Conclusión: Hay una correlación entre el tipo de diálisis usado y las complicaciones. Las complicaciones más frecuentes dependen de la modalidad dialítica empleada. No hay relación significativa entre edad, género o comorbilidades asociadas.
Introduction: chronic kidney disease has a wide prevalence worldwide, the main causes are hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Dialysis, one of the therapeutic modalities for election in terminal stages of kidney disease is the emergence of complications that have been the subject of study long ago. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency with which dialysis patients have these complications and what are the most frequent according to different dialytic modalities. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, non-experimental crosssectional study. Data collection was performed using information obtained from the statistical department of Hospital Abel Gilbert Ponton and systematic review of the medical records of patients with chronic kidney dialysis patients in the hospital. Information was tabulated on Excel spreadsheet and subsequent analysis it using statistical tables. Outcomes: information of 119 patients were collected with chronic kidney disease who dialytic therapies were performed during their hospital stay, 75 (63%) are in the group of hemodialysis and 44 (37%) peritoneal dialysis group, The most common complications associated with peritoneal dialysis were peritonitis (63.6%), dysfunction catete dialysis (52.3%) and associated infections (38.6%). 84% of the complications were associated with another complication. As for hemodialysis were the most frequent complications of imbalance post dialysis (28%), hypertension (22.7%), vascular access infections (20%) syndrome. The pathology most associated in both cases of dialysis modality were Diabetes mellitus (29.4%), hypertension ((20.2%). Conclusion: It is a strong correlation between time on dialysis and development of complications. Such complications are different depending dialysis modality.
Introduction: chronic kidney disease has a wide prevalence worldwide, the main causes are hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Dialysis, one of the therapeutic modalities for election in terminal stages of kidney disease is the emergence of complications that have been the subject of study long ago. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency with which dialysis patients have these complications and what are the most frequent according to different dialytic modalities. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, non-experimental crosssectional study. Data collection was performed using information obtained from the statistical department of Hospital Abel Gilbert Ponton and systematic review of the medical records of patients with chronic kidney dialysis patients in the hospital. Information was tabulated on Excel spreadsheet and subsequent analysis it using statistical tables. Outcomes: information of 119 patients were collected with chronic kidney disease who dialytic therapies were performed during their hospital stay, 75 (63%) are in the group of hemodialysis and 44 (37%) peritoneal dialysis group, The most common complications associated with peritoneal dialysis were peritonitis (63.6%), dysfunction catete dialysis (52.3%) and associated infections (38.6%). 84% of the complications were associated with another complication. As for hemodialysis were the most frequent complications of imbalance post dialysis (28%), hypertension (22.7%), vascular access infections (20%) syndrome. The pathology most associated in both cases of dialysis modality were Diabetes mellitus (29.4%), hypertension ((20.2%). Conclusion: It is a strong correlation between time on dialysis and development of complications. Such complications are different depending dialysis modality.
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Insuficiencia renal crónica, Diálisis renal, Estudios retrospectivos, Epidemiología analítica, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador