Estudio comparativo de metodos de extracción de metales pesados en hojas de neem (Azadirachta indica), como bioindicador ambiental.
Fecha
2018
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
En el presente proyecto se compararon métodos de extracción de metales pesados en hojas de Neem (Azaridachta indica) utilizadas como bioindicador ambiental. Las zonas urbanas de muestreo seleccionadas fueron Plaza Colón, Av. Luis Vernaza y Loja, ubicadas en la ciudad de Guayaquil. Se demostró que la técnica de calcinación es la más adecuada debido a que presenta un mayor índice de recuperación de analitos. Los resultados obtenidos mediante AAS y ICP demostraron concentraciones promedio representativas para Zn (381.72 ppm), Ni (5.70ppm) y Cu (14.79 ppm), cuyos datos coinciden con los reportados en Brasil, tomando en cuenta que este país tiene una mayor contaminación del aire según la OMS. Estos valores señalan la contaminación ambiental existente en las zonas urbanas seleccionadas debido al tránsito vehicular y también demuestra la eficacia de la hoja de Neem como bioindicador ambiental.
In the present project, heavy metal extraction methods were compared in Neem leaves (Azaridachta indica) used as environmental bioindicator. The urban sampling areas selected were Plaza Colón, Av. Luis Vernaza and Loja, located in the city of Guayaquil. It was demonstrated that the calcination technique is the most adequate because it has a higher rate of recovery of analytes. The results obtained by AAS and ICP showed average representative concentrations for Zn (381.72 ppm), Ni (5.70ppm) and Cu (14.79 ppm), whose data coincide with those reported in Brazil, taking into account that this country has a greater contamination of the air according to OMS. These values indicate the environmental contamination existing in the selected urban areas due to vehicular traffic and also demonstrate the effectiveness of the Neem leaf as an environmental bioindicator.
In the present project, heavy metal extraction methods were compared in Neem leaves (Azaridachta indica) used as environmental bioindicator. The urban sampling areas selected were Plaza Colón, Av. Luis Vernaza and Loja, located in the city of Guayaquil. It was demonstrated that the calcination technique is the most adequate because it has a higher rate of recovery of analytes. The results obtained by AAS and ICP showed average representative concentrations for Zn (381.72 ppm), Ni (5.70ppm) and Cu (14.79 ppm), whose data coincide with those reported in Brazil, taking into account that this country has a greater contamination of the air according to OMS. These values indicate the environmental contamination existing in the selected urban areas due to vehicular traffic and also demonstrate the effectiveness of the Neem leaf as an environmental bioindicator.
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AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS, MÉTODOS DE EXTRACCIÓN, METALES PESADOS, BIOINDICADOR AMBIENTAL