Malos hábitos bucales y su relación con mala oclusión en la dentición primaria
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2013-06-21
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
Resumen
Este tema es de gran importancia para reconocer las posibles situaciones que puedan causar trastornos a la oclusión de manera permanente en un niño. Para determinar si los hábitos no fisiológicos causan un trastorno a la oclusión debemos definir que es oclusión. "Oclusión hace referencia a las relaciones que se establecen al poner los arcos dentarios en contacto". Una definición "normal" implica una situación hallada en ausencia de enfermedad. Una oclusión dental adecuada es la que permite que los dientes del maxilar superior se relacionen con los dientes del maxilar inferior de una manera armónica haciendo que esto permita una eficiente masticación y deglución de los alimentos, articular bien las palabras entre otras funciones y le da a la cara un aspecto uniforme, de ser lo contrario se dice que estamos en presencia de maloclusiones.
Podemos considerar que el complejo maxilofacial se compone de 3 sistemas que tienen un potencial de desarrollo normal, el sistema esquelético, el sistema muscular y el sistema dentario. Cuando no existe obstáculo en el desarrollo de estos sistemas tenemos una oclusión funcionalmente equilibrada. Los Hábitos bucales pueden ser considerados como obstáculos o interferencias en el desarrollo. La maloclusión puede presentarse desde la más temprana edad cuando se altera el equilibrio de las estructuras del sistema bucal o estomatognático. Sin embargo las maloclusiones pueden aparecer sin que estos existan.
Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), las maloclusiones ocupan el tercer lugar de prevalencia dentro de las patologías en Salud bucodental, luego de la caries dental y de la enfermedad periodontal. La mayoría de los pacientes afectados muestran evidencias de esta patología desde la infancia y pueden ser asociadas de forma directa con Hábitos bucales así quedo evidenciado por un estudio realizado por el Dr. Oscar Quiroz sobre las características de la oclusión de los niños del jardín de infancia Beatriz de Roche del Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones científicas IVIC en el cual
concluyo que más de 60 % de los niños examinados presentó algún tipo de hábito y que existe una relación entre los hábitos bucales y la presencia de maloclusiones, aunque no son estos un factor indispensable para la aparición de las mismas, ya que un alto porcentaje de niños sin hábitos presentó maloclusiones. Los hábitos encontrados con más frecuencia fueron: la deglución atípica y la respiración bucal seguidos en tercer lugar por el hábito de succión digital.
Lo antes afirmado nos motivo a conocer con más detalles las características de estos hábitos y las maloclusiones que se relacionan directamente con los mismos.
This topic is of great importance to recognize situations that may cause disruption to the permanent occlusion in a child. To determine whether non- physiological habits cause a disturbance to the occlusion must define what is occlusion. " Occlusion refers to the relationships established by placing the dental arches in touch." A "normal" implies a definition found in the absence of disease status . Proper dental occlusion is what allows the teeth of the upper jaw are related to mandibular teeth in a manner consistent doing this enables efficient chewing and swallowing food , articulate words well among other functions and gives face a uniform look , if the opposite is said that we are in the presence of malocclusions. We can consider the maxillofacial complex include 3 systems that have the potential for normal development , skeletal system, muscular system and the dental system . When there is no obstacle in the development of these systems have a functionally balanced occlusion . Oral habits can be considered as obstacles and interference in development. Malocclusion can occur from an early age when the equilibrium structures of oral or altered stomatognathic system . However malocclusions can occur without these exist. According to the World Health Organization (WHO ) , malocclusions rank third in prevalence of diseases in oral health after tooth decay and periodontal disease. Most patients show evidence of this disease since childhood and can be associated directly with oral habits and I stay evidenced by a study conducted by Dr. Oscar Quiroz on the characteristics of the occlusion of children from kindergarten Beatriz de Roche at the Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research IVIC in which concluded that more than 60 % of the children examined had some type of habit and that there is a relationship between oral habits and the presence of malocclusion , although these are not an essential factor for the occurrence of the same , since a high percentage of habits provided children without malocclusion . Habits most frequently found were incorrect swallowing and mouth breathing followed in third place by thumb sucking . As soon as we stated reason to know in more detail the characteristics of these habits and malocclusions that are directly related to the same.
This topic is of great importance to recognize situations that may cause disruption to the permanent occlusion in a child. To determine whether non- physiological habits cause a disturbance to the occlusion must define what is occlusion. " Occlusion refers to the relationships established by placing the dental arches in touch." A "normal" implies a definition found in the absence of disease status . Proper dental occlusion is what allows the teeth of the upper jaw are related to mandibular teeth in a manner consistent doing this enables efficient chewing and swallowing food , articulate words well among other functions and gives face a uniform look , if the opposite is said that we are in the presence of malocclusions. We can consider the maxillofacial complex include 3 systems that have the potential for normal development , skeletal system, muscular system and the dental system . When there is no obstacle in the development of these systems have a functionally balanced occlusion . Oral habits can be considered as obstacles and interference in development. Malocclusion can occur from an early age when the equilibrium structures of oral or altered stomatognathic system . However malocclusions can occur without these exist. According to the World Health Organization (WHO ) , malocclusions rank third in prevalence of diseases in oral health after tooth decay and periodontal disease. Most patients show evidence of this disease since childhood and can be associated directly with oral habits and I stay evidenced by a study conducted by Dr. Oscar Quiroz on the characteristics of the occlusion of children from kindergarten Beatriz de Roche at the Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research IVIC in which concluded that more than 60 % of the children examined had some type of habit and that there is a relationship between oral habits and the presence of malocclusion , although these are not an essential factor for the occurrence of the same , since a high percentage of habits provided children without malocclusion . Habits most frequently found were incorrect swallowing and mouth breathing followed in third place by thumb sucking . As soon as we stated reason to know in more detail the characteristics of these habits and malocclusions that are directly related to the same.
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ODONTOLOGIA PEDIATRICA, HABITOS BUCALES