Complicaciones y secuelas del dengue en nños, estudio a realizarse en Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Medicina
Resumen
El dengue es la enfermedad viral transmitida por mosquito de más rápida
propagación en el mundo. En los últimos 50 años, su incidencia ha aumentado 30 veces
con la creciente expansión geográfica hacia nuevos países y, en la actual década, de
áreas urbanas a rurales.
El virus es transmitido por la mosquito hembra aedes aegypti que pica a un
ser humano produciendo la enfermedad, con un periodo de incubación de 4 a 10 días
.La infección es causada por un arbovirus, el virus del dengue con cuatro serotipos:
DEN 1, 2, 3 y 4, produciendo la enfermedad desde una clínica imperceptible a un
cuadro más severo. La infección por un serotipo produce inmunidad permanente contra
una nueva reinfección, aunque débil y transitoria hacia los otros serotipos.
El dengue afecta a todos los niveles de la sociedad, pero la carga podrá ser
mayor entre las poblaciones más pobres que crecen en comunidades con suministro
inadecuado de agua y falta de buenas infraestructuras para desechos sólidos, y donde las
condiciones son más favorables para la multiplicación del vector principal, aedes
aegypti.
Los niños están en un mayor riesgo de dengue grave. Se requiere cuidado
intensivo para los pacientes gravemente enfermos, que incluye líquidos intravenosos,
transfusión de sangre o plasma y medicamentos.
El virus del dengue penetra a través de la piel durante la picadura de un
mosquito infectado. Durante la fase aguda de la enfermedad, el virus está presente en la
sangre y su liberación a este compartimiento, generalmente, coincide con el descenso de
la fiebre. El dengue grave está caracterizado por extravasación de plasma,
hemoconcentración y alteraciones en la homeostasis. Los mecanismos que conducen a
la enfermedad grave no están bien definidos, pero la respuesta inmunitaria, los
antecedentes genéticos del individuo y las características del virus pueden contribuir al
dengue grave.
VII
El tratamiento se basa de acuerdo a la evolución de la enfermedad, con
sales de rehidratación oral y paracetamol en pacientes ambulatorios. En casos más
graves requiere ingreso en unidad de cuidados intensivos y transfusiones de sangre.
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease spread fastest in the world. In the past 50 years, its incidence has increased 30 times the increasing geographic expansion into new countries and in the current decade, of urban areas to rural areas. The virus is transmitted by the female Aedes aegypti mosquito that bites a human being producing the disease with an incubation period of 4 to 10 days.The infection is caused by an arbovirus, dengue virus with four serotypes: DEN 1 2, 3 and 4, producing an imperceptible disease from a more severe clinical picture. Infection by one serotype produces permanent immunity against a new reinfection, though weak and transient to the other serotypes. Dengue affects all levels of society, but the charge may be higher among the poorest populations in communities with growing supply inadequate water and lack of good infrastructure for solid waste, and where conditions are more favorable for the multiplication of the main vector, Aedes aegypti. Children are at greater risk of severe dengue. care is required Intensive seriously ill patients, including intravenous fluids,transfusion of blood or plasma and drugs. Dengue virus penetrates through the skin during a mosquito bite infected. During the acute phase of the disease, virus is present in the blood and release this magazine generally coincides with the decline fever. Severe dengue is characterized by plasma leakage, hemoconcentration and alterations in homeostasis. The mechanisms leading to severe disease are not well defined, but the immune response, genetic background of the individual and the characteristics of the virus may contribute to severe dengue. The treatment is based according to the evolution of the disease with oral rehydration salts and paracetamol in outpatients. In more severe cases require admission to intensive care and blood transfusions.
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease spread fastest in the world. In the past 50 years, its incidence has increased 30 times the increasing geographic expansion into new countries and in the current decade, of urban areas to rural areas. The virus is transmitted by the female Aedes aegypti mosquito that bites a human being producing the disease with an incubation period of 4 to 10 days.The infection is caused by an arbovirus, dengue virus with four serotypes: DEN 1 2, 3 and 4, producing an imperceptible disease from a more severe clinical picture. Infection by one serotype produces permanent immunity against a new reinfection, though weak and transient to the other serotypes. Dengue affects all levels of society, but the charge may be higher among the poorest populations in communities with growing supply inadequate water and lack of good infrastructure for solid waste, and where conditions are more favorable for the multiplication of the main vector, Aedes aegypti. Children are at greater risk of severe dengue. care is required Intensive seriously ill patients, including intravenous fluids,transfusion of blood or plasma and drugs. Dengue virus penetrates through the skin during a mosquito bite infected. During the acute phase of the disease, virus is present in the blood and release this magazine generally coincides with the decline fever. Severe dengue is characterized by plasma leakage, hemoconcentration and alterations in homeostasis. The mechanisms leading to severe disease are not well defined, but the immune response, genetic background of the individual and the characteristics of the virus may contribute to severe dengue. The treatment is based according to the evolution of the disease with oral rehydration salts and paracetamol in outpatients. In more severe cases require admission to intensive care and blood transfusions.
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Dengue, Virosis, Complicaciones, Pediatría, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador