Consecuencia de la hiperplasia gingival en tratamientos ortodónticos
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2013-06-21
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación es realizado con la finalidad de determinar las causas que provocan Hiperplasia Gingival en un tratamiento de Ortodoncia,ya que La placa bacteriana, presente en todos los individuos, es capaz de producir alteraciones gingivales, especialmente cuando se combina con la presencia de aparatos ortodónticos, que requieren una duración del tratamiento entre 18 y24 meses (Bascones, 1998).
La interrelación ortodoncia-periodoncia, está adquiriendo auge por dos motivos: En primer lugar por la corrección ortodóncica de la población adulta y en segundo lugar por la gran cantidad de pacientes que una vez adoptado un tratamiento ortodóncico presentan agrandamientos gingivales. Debemos tener en cuenta que el periodonto, es la estructura a través de la cual el ortodoncista mueve los dientes y la preservación de esta estructura es factor clave en la longevidad de la dentición.
El rol del ortodoncista es de mantener la salud periodontal a través de la terapia ortodóncica. No detectar una enfermedad periodontal puede tener una repercusión larga y severa para el paciente, aunque los dientes estén idealmente alineados ortodóncicamente. Los tejidos periodontales dañados en jóvenes, responden rápidamente, de manera favorable, por consiguiente un tratamiento precoz no conducirá a la pérdida de tejido permanente. Para ello se requiere de una estricta observación y cumplimiento de ciertos requisitos en cuanto a indicaciones, contraindicaciones, secuencia de diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento combinado.
La hiperplasia gingival se define como una lesión infiltrante, no neoplásica(Baptista, 2002), que se caracteriza por un lento y progresivo agrandamiento gingival causada por un sobrecrecimiento del tejido conectivo fibroso colágeno. Clínicamente se caracteriza por presentar un
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“tejido fuerte” que puede limitarse a una zona o involucrar varias regiones, características que lo distingue de la inflamación aguda (Clocheret et al.,V 2003). Este aumento del volumen de la encía puede generar problemas estéticos, dificultad en la erupción, en el habla y dificultad de la higiene bucal. Según su etiología se pueden clasificar como siendo asociadas a drogas, hereditarios, fuerzas mecánicas como las aplicadas por aparatología ortodóncica; esto sumado al hecho que el paciente encuentra dificultad en realizar su higiene dental lo cual facilita la acumulación de placa bacteriana; factor etiológico de la enfermedad periodontal.
La metodología realizada en el presente trabajo es investigativo, experimental, bibliográfica, descriptiva y cualitativa.
El resultado del trabajo a realizarse es para contrarrestar este tipo de problemas, buscándole el tratamiento adecuado que será de ayuda para los Odontólogos cuando sus pacientes presente hiperplasia gingival.
This research is performed in order to determine the causes of Gingival Hyperplasia in orthodontic treatment since Bacterial plaque , present in all individuals, is capable of producing gingival changes , especially when combined with the presence orthodontic appliances , which require a treatment duration between 18 and 24 months ( Bascones , 1998 ) . The orthodontic - periodontic interrelationship , is acquiring rise for two reasons: First, because the orthodontic correction of the adult population and secondly by the large number of patients after orthodontic treatment have adopted gingival enlargements . We should note that the periodontium is the structure through which the orthodontist moves the teeth and the preservation of this structure is a key factor in the longevity of the dentition. The role of the orthodontist is to maintain periodontal health through orthodontic therapy . Not detect periodontal disease can have a long and severe repercussions for the patient , but are ideally aligned teeth orthodontically . Damaged periodontal tissues in young rapidly responsive , favorably, early treatment therefore not lead to a permanent loss of tissue. This requires strict observation and compliance with certain requirements regarding indications, contraindications, and diagnostic sequence combined treatment plan . Gingival hyperplasia is defined as an infiltrating lesion nonneoplastic ( Baptista , 2002 ) , characterized by a slowly progressive gingival enlargement caused by an overgrowth of fibrous connective tissue collagen. Clinically it is characterized by a IX "Hard tissue " may simply involve an area or several regions, features that distinguishes it from acute inflammation ( Clocheret et al. , V 2003). This increased volume of the gum can cause aesthetic problems , difficulty in rash, difficulty in speech and oral hygiene . According to its etiology can be classified as being associated with drugs, hereditary , mechanical forces such as those applied by orthodontic appliances , that plus the fact that the patient finds difficulty in performing dental hygiene which facilitates the accumulation of plaque ; etiological factor periodontal disease. The methodology employed in this study is investigational, experimental , bibliographic , descriptive and qualitative . The result of the work to be done is to counter such problems , to seek appropriate treatment will be helpful for dentists when patients present gingival hyperplasia.
This research is performed in order to determine the causes of Gingival Hyperplasia in orthodontic treatment since Bacterial plaque , present in all individuals, is capable of producing gingival changes , especially when combined with the presence orthodontic appliances , which require a treatment duration between 18 and 24 months ( Bascones , 1998 ) . The orthodontic - periodontic interrelationship , is acquiring rise for two reasons: First, because the orthodontic correction of the adult population and secondly by the large number of patients after orthodontic treatment have adopted gingival enlargements . We should note that the periodontium is the structure through which the orthodontist moves the teeth and the preservation of this structure is a key factor in the longevity of the dentition. The role of the orthodontist is to maintain periodontal health through orthodontic therapy . Not detect periodontal disease can have a long and severe repercussions for the patient , but are ideally aligned teeth orthodontically . Damaged periodontal tissues in young rapidly responsive , favorably, early treatment therefore not lead to a permanent loss of tissue. This requires strict observation and compliance with certain requirements regarding indications, contraindications, and diagnostic sequence combined treatment plan . Gingival hyperplasia is defined as an infiltrating lesion nonneoplastic ( Baptista , 2002 ) , characterized by a slowly progressive gingival enlargement caused by an overgrowth of fibrous connective tissue collagen. Clinically it is characterized by a IX "Hard tissue " may simply involve an area or several regions, features that distinguishes it from acute inflammation ( Clocheret et al. , V 2003). This increased volume of the gum can cause aesthetic problems , difficulty in rash, difficulty in speech and oral hygiene . According to its etiology can be classified as being associated with drugs, hereditary , mechanical forces such as those applied by orthodontic appliances , that plus the fact that the patient finds difficulty in performing dental hygiene which facilitates the accumulation of plaque ; etiological factor periodontal disease. The methodology employed in this study is investigational, experimental , bibliographic , descriptive and qualitative . The result of the work to be done is to counter such problems , to seek appropriate treatment will be helpful for dentists when patients present gingival hyperplasia.
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PERIODONCIA, TRATAMIENTO ORTODONTICO, HIPERPLASIA GINGIVAL