Ruptura prematura de membrana como factor de riesgo de parto prematuro, estudio a realizarse en pacientes del Hospital Enrique C. Sotomayor, período 2015
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
Según la definición de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), parto prematuro es aquel que ocurre antes de las 37 semanas de gestación. El límite inferior entre parto prematuro y aborto es, de acuerdo a la OMS, 22 semanas de gestación, 500 g de peso o 25 cm de longitud céfalo-nalgas
Se entiende por rotura prematura de membranas (RPM), la pérdida de integridad de las membranas ovulares antes del inicio del parto, con la consiguiente salida de líquido amniótico (LA) y la puesta en comunicación de la cavidad amniótica con el canal endocervical y la vagina. Cuando esto se produce por debajo de las 37 semanas de gestación hablamos de rotura prematura de membranas pretérmino (RPMP)
Objetivo general: Determinar la influencia de ruptura prematura de membrana como factor de riesgo en pacientes con parto prematuro investigando las causas y complicaciones maternas – perinatales que presentaron las embarazadas ingresadas en el Hospital Gineco- Obstetrico Enrique C. Sotomayor en el periodo 2015
Materiales y Metodos: El presente estudio es realizado en el Hospital Gineco – Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor en el área de Tocoquirurgico periodo 2015. Para la realización de este proyecto se analizan historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de ruptura prematura de membrana y amenaza de parto prematuro además de datos importantes como edad gestacional y materna, se analizan factores de riesgo como infecciones, antecedentes gineco-obstetricos y complicaciones presentes en estos pacientes en relación de esta patología con dichas variables en el Hospital antes mencionado.
Resultados: 100 casos fueron estudiados de los cuales se observa que solo el 29,1% de
aquellos casos son de sexo masculino o sea 32 pacientes, y que el 70.9 % son de sexo femenino
o sea 78 pacientes de los casos con colecistitis., características que normalmente se
correlacionan con niveles altos de progesterona, a esto agregándole que solo 29 casos
presentaban IMC < 25 y que los pacientes con IMC > 25 fueron en numero de 82. En este
estudio también se valoró las complicaciones presentadas en aquellos pacientes quien de los
110 casos solo fueron 18 de los cuales solo el 5.6% eran de peso normal dando como resultado
al 94.4% a pacientes con un IMC > 25, en el estudio realizado en el Hospital De Especialidades
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Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón El presente trabajo de investigación ha sido planteado con el objetivo de determinar la influencia de ruptura prematura de membrana como factor de riesgo que desencadena un parto prematuro, investigando las causas y complicaciones maternas – perinatales que presentaron las embarazadas ingresadas en el Hospital Gineco- Obstetrico Enrique C. Sotomayor en el periodo 2015, a través de la información obtenida de las historias clínicas.
Una vez obtenida la información se procedió a realizar el recuento general, clasificación con su respectiva tabulación y representación en tablas y gráficos, con el fin de conocer los resultados de la investigación realizada en el campo. La información recopilada hemos resumido en tablas y gráficos. En función de los objetivos y de la hipótesis se procede al análisis e interpretación de resultados. En la interpretación de resultados se pretende encontrar y relacionar la información recopilada con la teoría.
Durante el periodo de estudio se registraron 23680 atenciones de partos en el Hospital Enrique C. Sotomayor , que incluye todos aquellos partos atendidos vía vaginal y cesárea. Durante el periodo de estudio del presente trabajo se presentaron 3362 partos prematuros representando el 15% del total de partos atendidos para dicho periodo, de los cuales 1206 que representa el 33% fueron desencadenados por ruptura premtura de membrana y 2456 que representa 67% fueron por otras causas.
Conclusión: Importante factor de riesgo para parto prematuro es la ruptura prematura de membrana, por lo que dentro de los protocolos ministeriales, se deben incluir los factores de riesgo que con ms frecuencia se asocian a esta complicación.
As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), premature birth is one that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation. The lower boundary between preterm birth and abortion is, according to WHO, 22 weeks gestation, weight 500 g or 25 cm in length cephalopelvic buttocks It is understood by premature rupture of membranes (PROM), loss of integrity of the membranes before the onset of labor, with the consequent outflow of amniotic fluid (LA) and start communication of the amniotic cavity with the endocervical canal and vagina. When this occurs below 37 weeks of gestation speak of premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) Objective: To determine the influence of premature rupture of membrane as a risk factor in patients with investigating the causes preterm birth and maternal complications - pregnant perinatal presenting you admitted to Gynecological Hospital Enrique C. Sotomayor Obstetrico in the period 2015 Materials and Methods: This study is conducted at the Hospital Ob - Enrique C. Sotomayor Obstetrics area Tocoquirurgico period 2015. For this project patient records are analyzed with a diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes and delivery threat premature addition to important data such as gestational age and maternal risk factors such as infections, obstetrical and gynecological history and present complications in these patients regarding this disease with those in the aforementioned variables are analyzed Hospital. Results: 100 cases were studied which shows that only 29.1% of cases are male that is 32 patients, and 70.9% are female that is 78 patients cases with cholecystitis. features normally correlate with high levels of progesterone, this adding that only 29 cases had BMI <25 and patients with BMI> 25 were in number 82. in this study presented complications in patients who also was assessed by 110 cases were only 18 of which only 5.6% were normal weight, resulting in 94.4% of patients with a BMI> 25, in the study conducted at the Specialist Hospital Dr. Abel Gilbert Ponton this research it has been raised in order to determine the influence of premature rupture of the membrane as a risk factor that triggers preterm labor, investigating the causes and maternal complications - 14 perinatal presenting pregnant admitted to the Gynecological Hospital Obstetrico Enrique C. Sotomayor in 2015 period, through information obtained from medical records. Once the information we proceeded to make the general account, with their respective classification tabulation and representation in tables and graphs, in order to know the results of research conducted in the field. Information collected have summarized in tables and graphs. Depending on the objectives and the hypothesis we proceed to the analysis and interpretation of results. In the interpretation of results it is to find and relate the information gathered with the theory. During the study period attentions 23680 births were recorded in the Enrique C. Sotomayor Hospital, which includes all those births attended vaginally and caesarean section. During the study period of this study they were presented premature births 3362 representing 15% of total births attended for that period, of which 1206 which represents 33% were triggered by premtura membrane rupture and 2456 which represents 67% were from other causes. Conclusion: Important risk factor for preterm birth is premature rupture of membrane, so that within the ministerial protocols should include risk factors that most often associated with this complication.
As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), premature birth is one that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation. The lower boundary between preterm birth and abortion is, according to WHO, 22 weeks gestation, weight 500 g or 25 cm in length cephalopelvic buttocks It is understood by premature rupture of membranes (PROM), loss of integrity of the membranes before the onset of labor, with the consequent outflow of amniotic fluid (LA) and start communication of the amniotic cavity with the endocervical canal and vagina. When this occurs below 37 weeks of gestation speak of premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) Objective: To determine the influence of premature rupture of membrane as a risk factor in patients with investigating the causes preterm birth and maternal complications - pregnant perinatal presenting you admitted to Gynecological Hospital Enrique C. Sotomayor Obstetrico in the period 2015 Materials and Methods: This study is conducted at the Hospital Ob - Enrique C. Sotomayor Obstetrics area Tocoquirurgico period 2015. For this project patient records are analyzed with a diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes and delivery threat premature addition to important data such as gestational age and maternal risk factors such as infections, obstetrical and gynecological history and present complications in these patients regarding this disease with those in the aforementioned variables are analyzed Hospital. Results: 100 cases were studied which shows that only 29.1% of cases are male that is 32 patients, and 70.9% are female that is 78 patients cases with cholecystitis. features normally correlate with high levels of progesterone, this adding that only 29 cases had BMI <25 and patients with BMI> 25 were in number 82. in this study presented complications in patients who also was assessed by 110 cases were only 18 of which only 5.6% were normal weight, resulting in 94.4% of patients with a BMI> 25, in the study conducted at the Specialist Hospital Dr. Abel Gilbert Ponton this research it has been raised in order to determine the influence of premature rupture of the membrane as a risk factor that triggers preterm labor, investigating the causes and maternal complications - 14 perinatal presenting pregnant admitted to the Gynecological Hospital Obstetrico Enrique C. Sotomayor in 2015 period, through information obtained from medical records. Once the information we proceeded to make the general account, with their respective classification tabulation and representation in tables and graphs, in order to know the results of research conducted in the field. Information collected have summarized in tables and graphs. Depending on the objectives and the hypothesis we proceed to the analysis and interpretation of results. In the interpretation of results it is to find and relate the information gathered with the theory. During the study period attentions 23680 births were recorded in the Enrique C. Sotomayor Hospital, which includes all those births attended vaginally and caesarean section. During the study period of this study they were presented premature births 3362 representing 15% of total births attended for that period, of which 1206 which represents 33% were triggered by premtura membrane rupture and 2456 which represents 67% were from other causes. Conclusion: Important risk factor for preterm birth is premature rupture of membrane, so that within the ministerial protocols should include risk factors that most often associated with this complication.
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ROTURA PREMATURA DE MEMBRANAS FETALES, TRABAJO DE PARTO PREMATURO, HOSPITAL GINECO-OBSTETRICO ENRIQUE C. SOTOMAYOR, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR