Evaluación de niveles de Bifenilos Policlorados (PCB´S) en los aceites dieléctricos empleados en transformadores de potencia en desuso en el cantón Babahoyo, Provincia de Los Ríos.
Fecha
2018
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
Los Bifenilos Policlorados son sustancias químicas industriales clasificadas como Compuestos Orgánicos Persistentes o también denominados como docena sucia; listado de los doce contaminantes más peligroso del mundo según PNUMA, tienen características de bioacumulación, persistencia, y tóxicos para los seres vivos y el ambiente. El objetivo del presente estudio, fue evaluar la presencia de Bifenilos Policlorados (PCB's) contenidos en el aceite dieléctrico en transformadores de potencia en desuso, localizados en la subestación de Nelson Mera y Centro Industrial perteneciente a CNEL EP UN Los Ríos. Las pruebas cualitativas fueron analizadas en campo con la ayuda del kit colorimétrico, para la detección de la presencia de PCB's. El análisis cuantitativo fue realizado por cromatografía de gases por un laboratorio acreditado, obteniendo las concentraciones de PCB's por cada congénere. Los resultados proyectados de las pruebas colorimétricas con el uso del método EPA 9070, el cual se identificó en todas las muestras de aceites contenían < 50 ppm, siendo valores bajos. A través del análisis cuantitativo se detectó concentraciones menores a < 10 ppm, esto significa que no sobrepasan los límites permisibles. Mediante los dos métodos utilizados, se obtuvieron resultados que indican, que las muestras analizadas son sustancias no contaminadas con PCB, las mismas que están bajo los límites máximos permisibles, descritas en el Acuerdo Ministerial 146.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls are industrial chemical substances classified as Persistent Organic Compounds or also known as dirty dozen; list of the twelve most dangerous pollutants in the world according to UNEP, have characteristics of bioaccumulation, persistence, and toxic for living beings and the environment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the presence of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB's) contained in the dielectric oil in disused power transformers, located in the Nelson Mera substation and Industrial Center belonging to CNEL EP UN Los Ríos. The qualitative tests were analyzed in the field with the help of the colorimetric kit, for the detection of the presence of PCBs. The quantitative analysis was performed by gas chromatography by an accredited laboratory, obtaining PCB concentrations for each congener. The projected results of the colorimetric tests with the use of the EPA method 9070, which was identified in all oil samples contained <50 ppm, being low values. Through the quantitative analysis, concentrations lower than <10 ppm were detected, this means that they do not exceed the permissible limits. By means of the two methods used, results were obtained that indicate that the samples analyzed are substances not contaminated with PCB, which are under the maximum permissible limits, described in the Ministerial Agreement 146.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls are industrial chemical substances classified as Persistent Organic Compounds or also known as dirty dozen; list of the twelve most dangerous pollutants in the world according to UNEP, have characteristics of bioaccumulation, persistence, and toxic for living beings and the environment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the presence of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB's) contained in the dielectric oil in disused power transformers, located in the Nelson Mera substation and Industrial Center belonging to CNEL EP UN Los Ríos. The qualitative tests were analyzed in the field with the help of the colorimetric kit, for the detection of the presence of PCBs. The quantitative analysis was performed by gas chromatography by an accredited laboratory, obtaining PCB concentrations for each congener. The projected results of the colorimetric tests with the use of the EPA method 9070, which was identified in all oil samples contained <50 ppm, being low values. Through the quantitative analysis, concentrations lower than <10 ppm were detected, this means that they do not exceed the permissible limits. By means of the two methods used, results were obtained that indicate that the samples analyzed are substances not contaminated with PCB, which are under the maximum permissible limits, described in the Ministerial Agreement 146.
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TRANSFORMADOR DE POTENCIA, PCB'S, CLOR-N-OIL50, CROMATOGRAFÍA, NELSON MERA