Efecto de la defoliación y fertilización en dos híbridos de maíz Zea mays L.
Fecha
2018-10
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
La investigación se realizó en el campus experimental “Vainillo” de la Facultad
de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad de Guayaquil. Con el objetivo de
experimentar alternativas sobre prácticas culturales y fertilización en
genotipos de maíz y el aprovechamiento del producto agregado para mejorar
la productividad, calidad y rentabilidad del maíz en el cantón El Triunfo. Se
empleó diseño de bloques completamente al azar, con arreglo factorial de
2x2x2 estudiándose el efecto de dos fertilizantes (N(180) yN(180)-P2O5(60)-K2O(60))
y la poda o no por debajo de la mazorca, en dos híbridos (Pioneer 3041 y
Agri 104). Se utilizó el análisis de varianza y la prueba de Tukey al 5% de
probabilidades. Se concluye: a) el T8 presentó floraciones precoces, la
femenina 50,75 y la masculina 50,0 días, b) Agri 104 floreció primero,
50,6 días la masculina y 51,4 la femenina, presentó mayor altura de planta
con 217,1 cm y mayor diámetro del tallo con 2,26 cm, c) Pioneer 3041 produjo
más mazorcas por m2 con 6,1, d) la fertilización (N(180)-P2O5(60)-K2O(60)) logró
mayor altura de planta y altura de mazorca con 216,9 y 112,1 cm
respectivamente, e) no hubo incidencia sobre longitud de mazorca y peso de materia fresca, f) con 6,23 mazorcas por m2 destacó al tratamiento T4, g) el
T3 obtuvo mayor altura de mazorca con 113,0 cm, peso de 100 granos con
40,0 gramos y rendimiento con 8831 kg/ha, h) el T6 es más rentable con tasa
marginal de retorno de 634%.
The research was carried out in the experimental campus "Vainillo" of the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences of the University of Guayaquil. With the objective of experimenting alternatives on cultural practices and fertilization in corn genotypes and the use of the added product to improve the productivity, quality and profitability of corn in the canton El Triunfo. Block design was used completely at random, with a factorial arrangement of 2x2x2, studying the effect of two fertilizers (N(180) and N(180)-P2O5(60)-K2O(60)) and pruning or not underneath the ear, in two hybrids (Pioneer 3041 and Agri 104). The analysis of variance and the Tukey test were used at 5% of probabilities. It is concluded: a) The T8 had early blooms, the female 50.75 and the male 50.0 days, b) Agri 104 bloomed first, 50.6 days the male and 51.4 the female, had higher plant height with 217.1 cm and larger diameter of the stem with 2.26 cm, c) Pioneer 3041 produced more ears per m2 with 6.1, d) fertilization (N(180)P2O5(60)-K2O(60)) achieved greater height of plant and height of ear with 216.9 and 112.1 cm respectively, e) there was no incidence on length of ear and weight of fresh material, f) with 6.23 ears per m2 highlighted the treatment T4, g) the T3 obtained greater height of ear with 113.0 cm, weight of 100 grains with 40.0 grams and yield with 8831 kg/ha, h) T6 is more profitable with a marginal rate of return of 634%.
The research was carried out in the experimental campus "Vainillo" of the Faculty of Agrarian Sciences of the University of Guayaquil. With the objective of experimenting alternatives on cultural practices and fertilization in corn genotypes and the use of the added product to improve the productivity, quality and profitability of corn in the canton El Triunfo. Block design was used completely at random, with a factorial arrangement of 2x2x2, studying the effect of two fertilizers (N(180) and N(180)-P2O5(60)-K2O(60)) and pruning or not underneath the ear, in two hybrids (Pioneer 3041 and Agri 104). The analysis of variance and the Tukey test were used at 5% of probabilities. It is concluded: a) The T8 had early blooms, the female 50.75 and the male 50.0 days, b) Agri 104 bloomed first, 50.6 days the male and 51.4 the female, had higher plant height with 217.1 cm and larger diameter of the stem with 2.26 cm, c) Pioneer 3041 produced more ears per m2 with 6.1, d) fertilization (N(180)P2O5(60)-K2O(60)) achieved greater height of plant and height of ear with 216.9 and 112.1 cm respectively, e) there was no incidence on length of ear and weight of fresh material, f) with 6.23 ears per m2 highlighted the treatment T4, g) the T3 obtained greater height of ear with 113.0 cm, weight of 100 grains with 40.0 grams and yield with 8831 kg/ha, h) T6 is more profitable with a marginal rate of return of 634%.
Descripción
Palabras clave
MAIZ, DEFOLIACION, ALIMENTACION ANIMAL, FERTILIZANTE QUIMICO, RENDIMIENTO