Trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo y factores de riesgo en el Area de Emergencia del Hospital Nicolás Cotto Infante
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
En nuestro país la hipertensión inducida por la gestación es una causa importante de morbimortalidad materno perinatal y pese a la gran importancia de los trastornos que conlleva esta patología, su etiopatogenia no ha sido aclarada y la interrupción de la gestación sigue siendo la única intervención capaz de detener el proceso fisiopatológico de la enfermedad.
En vista de que aún no se conoce la patogénesis de la preeclampsia, nuestras estrategias, nuestras estrategias para la prevención son limitadas, sin embargo el conocimiento sobre los signos y síntomas de la preeclampsia aseguraría que la gestante acuda inmediatamente al establecimiento de salud para el manejo adecuado y oportuno de esta patología, reduciendo así la morbimortalidad materna perinatal.
Se estima que la mortalidad materna en el Perú es de 93 por cada 100 mil nacidos vivos, según la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES 2013), la razón de mortalidad materna ha ido disminuyendo, es así que la ENDES 2000 refiere 185 muertes maternas por cada 100.000 nacidos vivos, lo que representa un importante descenso.
Según la publicación de la OMS, UNICEF, UNFPA y el Banco Mundial, “Trenda in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010” la razón de mortalidad materna para Perú es de 67 por 100.000 nacidos vivos; así mismo, refieren que Perú está entre los 20 países del mundo que más ha avanzado en la reducción de la mortalidad materna.
En el año 2012 las causas directas de muerte maternas registradas por la Dirección General de Epidemiología del MINSA fueron, hemorragia en 40,2 5%, HIE en 32%; aborto.
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El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es identificar los factores de riesgos que determinan la aparición de los trastornos hipertensivos en las mujeres embarazadas mediante la revisión de historia clínicas del HOSPITAL NICOLÁS COTTO INFANTE del Cantón Vinces en el período de mayo 2015 y marzo 2016 para plantear medidas de prevención.
La metodología que se llevará a cabo en este estudio es cuantitativa, transversal, retrospectiva y descriptiva porque los resultados se los realizará de manera estadística y numérica en el programa de Excel para su posterior análisis y cualitativa porque se basa en la descripción y observación de los principales factores de riesgos y trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo
In our country, pregnancy-induced hypertension is an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality and despite the great importance of the disorders that this pathology entails, its etiopathogenesis has not been clarified and the interruption of gestation remains the only intervention capable of stop the pathophysiological process of the disease. Since the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is not yet known, our strategies, our strategies for prevention are limited, however knowledge about the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia would ensure that the pregnant woman immediately goes to the health facility for management. adequate and timely of this pathology, thus reducing perinatal maternal morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that maternal mortality in Peru is 93 per 100 thousand live births, according to the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES 2013), the maternal mortality ratio has been decreasing, so ENDES 2000 reports 185 deaths maternal health per 100,000 live births, which represents a significant decrease. According to the publication of the WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and the World Bank, "Trenda in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010" the maternal mortality ratio for Peru is 67 per 100,000 live births; likewise, they report that Peru is among the 20 countries in the world that has made the most progress in reducing maternal mortality. In 2012, the direct causes of maternal death registered by the General Directorate of Epidemiology of the Ministry of Health were: bleeding in 40.2%, HIE in 32%; abortion 8 The aim of this research is to identify the risk factors that determine the appearance of hypertensive disorders in pregnant women by reviewing the clinical history of the HOSPITAL NICOLÁS COTTO INFANTE of the Vinces Canton in the period of May 2015 and March 2016 to raise prevention measures. The methodology that will be carried out in this study is quantitative, transversal, retrospective and descriptive because the results will be performed in a statistical and numerical way in the Excel program for further analysis and qualitative because it is based on the description and observation of the Main risk factors and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
In our country, pregnancy-induced hypertension is an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality and despite the great importance of the disorders that this pathology entails, its etiopathogenesis has not been clarified and the interruption of gestation remains the only intervention capable of stop the pathophysiological process of the disease. Since the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is not yet known, our strategies, our strategies for prevention are limited, however knowledge about the signs and symptoms of preeclampsia would ensure that the pregnant woman immediately goes to the health facility for management. adequate and timely of this pathology, thus reducing perinatal maternal morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that maternal mortality in Peru is 93 per 100 thousand live births, according to the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES 2013), the maternal mortality ratio has been decreasing, so ENDES 2000 reports 185 deaths maternal health per 100,000 live births, which represents a significant decrease. According to the publication of the WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and the World Bank, "Trenda in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010" the maternal mortality ratio for Peru is 67 per 100,000 live births; likewise, they report that Peru is among the 20 countries in the world that has made the most progress in reducing maternal mortality. In 2012, the direct causes of maternal death registered by the General Directorate of Epidemiology of the Ministry of Health were: bleeding in 40.2%, HIE in 32%; abortion 8 The aim of this research is to identify the risk factors that determine the appearance of hypertensive disorders in pregnant women by reviewing the clinical history of the HOSPITAL NICOLÁS COTTO INFANTE of the Vinces Canton in the period of May 2015 and March 2016 to raise prevention measures. The methodology that will be carried out in this study is quantitative, transversal, retrospective and descriptive because the results will be performed in a statistical and numerical way in the Excel program for further analysis and qualitative because it is based on the description and observation of the Main risk factors and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
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Palabras clave
Embarazo, Hipertensión inducida en el embarazo, Preeclampsia, Estudios retrospectivos, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital Dr. Nicolás Cotto Infante, Cantón Vinces, Ecuador, Servicio de emergencia del hospital