Relación de placa bacteriana supragingival y subgingival a caries dental y enfermedad periodontal
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2012-06-15
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
Resumen
El presente proyecto contiene la primera etapa del programa de
investigación sobre enfermedad periodontal a nivel nacional que se
desarrolló en el Departamento de Educación Odontológica de la
Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Guayaquil. Fue de vital
importancia realizar este estudio para darle continuidad al proyecto y
proporcionar información confiable sobre esta afección que, según
abundante literatura consultada, afecta a la mayoría de la población.
El conocimiento generado con esta investigación permitió conocer la
realidad que orienta el quehacer de la Facultad de Odontología de la
Universidad de Guayaquil en lo que comprende la formación de
recursos profesionales, el otorgamiento de servicios y la creación de
conocimiento.
Luego de revisar múltiples estudios sobre la prevalencia de
enfermedad periodontal en diferentes poblaciones de Guayaquil, tanto
urbanas como rurales, se puede observar que ésta es muy alta,
cercana al 100%. Para ello, se emplearon mayoritariamente índices
epidemiológicos como lo son el de Ramfjord y el de O´Leary y col. La
forma de empleo de ellos ha sido en forma parcial, es decir, solamente
estudian un número determinado de piezas dentales, en lugar de
estudiar todas las piezas presentes en las arcadas. Con relación a
este tópico, Papapanou refiereque el uso de los índices parciales
subestiman entre un 20 – 40 % la prevalencia de bolsas
periodontales≥ 4 mm, así como la prevalencia de hasta un 58 % de los
sujetos con una bolsa de esa profundidad, lo que hace necesario el
uso de índices completos. Adicionalmente, la revisión de literatura
efectuada revela que se estudió un número limitado de áreas
gingivales, cuatro áreas por diente, en lugar de las seis áreas
2
recomendadas por Fetner. Luego, el manejo de los datos obtenidos en
las diferentes investigaciones no es homogéneo, por lo que los
resultados reportados pueden ser cuestionables. Amanera de ejemplo,
en los estudios que emplean el mismo índice epidemiológico pero en
distintas poblaciones y a pesar de haber empleado el mismo
procedimiento clínico, los resultados que se reportan son diferentes.
Es así como se presentan resultados con el IGP en una población
determinada y otros carecen de ese dato. De esa cuenta, a pesar de
existir información relacionada con la prevalencia de la enfermedad
periodontal en el país, ésta presenta algunas deficiencias de índole
metodológica que requieren su mejora.
This project contains the first stage of the program periodontal disease research at the national level that developed in the Department of Dental Education Faculty of Dentistry, University of Guayaquil. It was vital importance of this study to give continuity to the project and provide reliable information on the condition that, according abundant literature consulted, affects most of the population. The knowledge generated by this research yielded information on the reality that guides the work of the Faculty of Dentistry University of Guayaquil in what comprises forming professional resources , the provision of services and the creation of knowledge. After reviewing several studies on the prevalence of periodontal disease in different populations of Guayaquil , both urban and rural, we can see that this is very high, close to 100% . To do this, indexes are mainly used Epidemiological as are the Ramfjord and O'Leary et al. the Employment form them has been partially, ie only studied a number of teeth , instead of studying all the pieces present in the arcades . In relation to this topic, Papapanou refiereque using sub-indices underestimate between a 20-40 % prevalence of bags periodontal ≥ 4 mm, and the prevalence of up to 58 % of subjects with a bag that depth , thus requiring the full use of indexes. Additionally , the literature review conducted reveals that a limited number of areas studied gingival , four areas per tooth , instead of the six areas 2 Fetner recommended . Then , the management data obtained from various research is not homogeneous , so that the reported results may be questionable . Mannered example in studies employing the same epidemiological index but different populations and despite having used the same clinical procedure , the results reported are different. Thus the results are presented IGP in a population determined and others lack such data . On this account , although exist related information with the prevalence of the disease gum in the country, it has some deficiencies such requiring methodological improvement
This project contains the first stage of the program periodontal disease research at the national level that developed in the Department of Dental Education Faculty of Dentistry, University of Guayaquil. It was vital importance of this study to give continuity to the project and provide reliable information on the condition that, according abundant literature consulted, affects most of the population. The knowledge generated by this research yielded information on the reality that guides the work of the Faculty of Dentistry University of Guayaquil in what comprises forming professional resources , the provision of services and the creation of knowledge. After reviewing several studies on the prevalence of periodontal disease in different populations of Guayaquil , both urban and rural, we can see that this is very high, close to 100% . To do this, indexes are mainly used Epidemiological as are the Ramfjord and O'Leary et al. the Employment form them has been partially, ie only studied a number of teeth , instead of studying all the pieces present in the arcades . In relation to this topic, Papapanou refiereque using sub-indices underestimate between a 20-40 % prevalence of bags periodontal ≥ 4 mm, and the prevalence of up to 58 % of subjects with a bag that depth , thus requiring the full use of indexes. Additionally , the literature review conducted reveals that a limited number of areas studied gingival , four areas per tooth , instead of the six areas 2 Fetner recommended . Then , the management data obtained from various research is not homogeneous , so that the reported results may be questionable . Mannered example in studies employing the same epidemiological index but different populations and despite having used the same clinical procedure , the results reported are different. Thus the results are presented IGP in a population determined and others lack such data . On this account , although exist related information with the prevalence of the disease gum in the country, it has some deficiencies such requiring methodological improvement
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PERIODONCIA, ENFERMEDADES PERIODONTALES, GINGIVITIS, PLACA BACTERIANA