El impacto de la minería en el distrito minero Zaruma-Portovelo, y el manejo de los relaves producidos en las plantas de beneficio, ubicadas a lo largo de los ríos Calera y Amarillo de la cuenca binacional Puyango - Tumbes
Fecha
2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil : Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo
Resumen
El estudio presente determina el impacto ambiental ocasionado por la actividad minera en el beneficio de los minerales en el distrito minero Zaruma - Portovelo, para ello se realizó el análisis situacional del establecimiento de las plantas de beneficio mineral situadas en las riberas de los ríos Calera y Amarillo, la caracterización de los relaves, la localización de los pasivos ambientales y determinaron las características ambientales de la cuenca alta del río Puyango. Mediante la aplicación de fichas, se levantó información de cada una de las 71 plantas de beneficio asociadas, pertenecientes al distrito minero Zaruma – Portovelo, y utilizando procesos analíticos, se determinó la composición química de los relaves, los que dieron como resultado la presencia de elementos contaminantes y minerales con valor económico como el oro, la plata, el cobre, representativos para ser concentrados y comercializados; se caracterizó aproximadamente la existencia de 1 000 000 de metros cúbicos de relaves abandonados como pasivos ambientales. Con el fin de mejorar la calidad socio – ambiental del área de estudio, la presente propuesta de manejo integral de relaves, genera los lineamientos para un modelo de gestión técnico - administrativo, el transporte, el manejo de los sólidos y efluentes, y la disposición final de los relaves producidos por las plantas identificadas; además, se incluye un programa de monitoreo y control ambiental para la cuenca estudiada. Se recomienda la implementación de la propuesta con la participación consensuada de las instituciones competentes, los pequeños mineros asociados y la comunidad de los cantones Zaruma y Portovelo.
This study determines the environmental impact caused by mining activities in the beneficiation of minerals in the mining district of Zaruma - Portovelo, to do situational analysis of the establishment of mineral processing plants along the banks of rivers was made and Calera Amarillo, characterization of the tailings, the location of environmental liabilities and determined environmental characteristics of the upper basin of the Puyango River. By applying records, information of each of the 71 plants associated profit rose belonging to Zaruma Mining District - Portovelo, and using analytical processes, the chemical composition of the tailings was determined, which resulted in the presence of pollutants and economically valuable minerals such as gold, silver, copper concentrates and representative to be marketed; It characterized about the existence of one million cubic meters of tailings abandoned as environmental liabilities. In order to improve the quality socio - environmental study area, this proposal for comprehensive management of tailings generates a model guidelines for technical management - administrative, transportation, handling and solid effluents and disposal end of the tailings produced by the identified plants; in addition, a program of environmental monitoring and control for the basin studied is included. Implementation of the proposal is recommended to the joint participation of relevant institutions, small miners and the community partners of Zaruma and Portovelo cantons
This study determines the environmental impact caused by mining activities in the beneficiation of minerals in the mining district of Zaruma - Portovelo, to do situational analysis of the establishment of mineral processing plants along the banks of rivers was made and Calera Amarillo, characterization of the tailings, the location of environmental liabilities and determined environmental characteristics of the upper basin of the Puyango River. By applying records, information of each of the 71 plants associated profit rose belonging to Zaruma Mining District - Portovelo, and using analytical processes, the chemical composition of the tailings was determined, which resulted in the presence of pollutants and economically valuable minerals such as gold, silver, copper concentrates and representative to be marketed; It characterized about the existence of one million cubic meters of tailings abandoned as environmental liabilities. In order to improve the quality socio - environmental study area, this proposal for comprehensive management of tailings generates a model guidelines for technical management - administrative, transportation, handling and solid effluents and disposal end of the tailings produced by the identified plants; in addition, a program of environmental monitoring and control for the basin studied is included. Implementation of the proposal is recommended to the joint participation of relevant institutions, small miners and the community partners of Zaruma and Portovelo cantons
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CUENCA HIDROLÓGICA, IMPACTO DE LA MINERÍA, CUENCA BINACIONAL PUYANGO-TUMBES