Odontología en pacientes pediátricos autistas
Fecha
2012-07-15
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
Resumen
El 10% de la población mundial presenta discapacidades, tres cuartas partes de
la cual no recibe atención odontológica. Dentro de estas discapacidades, el
autismo representa un porcentaje importante. Debido al complejo cuadro que
presentan estos pacientes, es necesario hacer un abordaje integral e
interdisciplinario donde sean tomadas en cuenta sus características biológicas,
psicológicas y sociales aunado a un examen exhaustivo del sistema
estomatognático a objeto de brindar una adecuada atención en la consulta
dental. El punto más importante para el éxito de un tratamiento en un paciente
con discapacidad es el acondicionamiento a la consulta, ya que mediante un
adecuado abordaje conductual, el manejo del mismo se facilitará notablemente.
Los niños con necesidades especiales de salud (CSHCN) son los que
tienen o están en mayor riesgo de problemas crónicos físicos, condiciones
de desarrollo, de comportamiento o emocionales que requieren servicios
relacionados de salud de un tipo o cantidad adicional a la requerida por
los niños generalmente. (Ganem, 2011)
Al lidiar con las diferentes representaciones que categorizan a los
pacientes autistas, el odontólogo entenderá el trastorno y las
consideraciones dentales para proveer el tratamiento dental para el tipo
específico de pacientes.
Podemos definir a un niño autista como, un individuo que presenta
alteraciones del desarrollo emocional y mental, que causa problemas de
aprendizaje, relación y comunicación con los demás. Enfermedad
caracterizada por reflejar por parte del portador un comportamiento
restringido y repetitivo, rutinas irracionales y una grave dificultad de
lenguaje.
Los pacientes autistas presentan anomalías dentales ausentes y las
enfermedades dentales se relacionan generalmente con las normas de
conducta. La morfología dental es normal, pero podría haber desgaste
oclusal debido a bruxismo. La higiene oral puede ser deficiente debido a
la falta de cepillado y la incapacidad de aceptar la ayuda de otra persona.
2
Algunos medicamentos para niños con autismo pueden causar reacciones
orofaciales adversas. Estos medicamentos estabilizan el estado de ánimo
y mejoran la atención.
Para el tratamiento dental se utilizan la técnica de desensibilización
empezando por tratamiento de menor a mayor grado ansiedad. El uso de
limitaciones físicas, con el consentimiento de información apropiado y
sedación, puede ser útil (agentes psicotrópicos pueden causar efectos
secundarios inusuales en pacientes con autismo).
10 % of the world population have disabilities, three quarters of which do not receive dental care. Within these disabilities, Autism represents a significant percentage . Due to the complex table these patients , it is necessary to do a comprehensive approach and interdisciplinary which are taken into account their biological, psychological and social I together with a comprehensive review of the system stomatognathic a view to providing adequate care in consultation dental . The most important point for the success of treatment in a patient with disabilities is the conditioning to the query , since by appropriate behavioral approach, its handling is greatly facilitated . Children with special health care needs (CSHCN ) are those have or are at increased risk for chronic physical conditions developmental , behavioral or emotional conditions that require services Related health of a type or amount additional to that required by children generally . ( Ganem , 2011) In dealing with the different representations categorize autistic patients , the dentist understand the disorder and Dental considerations to provide dental treatment for type patient specific . We can define an autistic child as an individual with emotional disturbances and mental development , which causes problems learning, relationship and communication with others. disease characterized by the bearer reflect behavior restricted , repetitive , irrational routines and a serious difficulty language. Autistic patients have dental abnormalities and absent Dental diseases are generally related to standards behavior. The dental morphology is normal, but may have wear occlusion due to bruxism. Oral hygiene may be poor due to lack of brushing and the inability to accept the help of another person . 2 Some medications for children with autism can cause reactions adverse orofacial . These drugs stabilize mood and improve care . For dental treatment desensitization technique used starting treatment of minor to major anxiety. Using physical limitations , with the consent of appropriate information and sedation may be useful (psychotropic agents may cause effects unusual in patients with autism) side.
10 % of the world population have disabilities, three quarters of which do not receive dental care. Within these disabilities, Autism represents a significant percentage . Due to the complex table these patients , it is necessary to do a comprehensive approach and interdisciplinary which are taken into account their biological, psychological and social I together with a comprehensive review of the system stomatognathic a view to providing adequate care in consultation dental . The most important point for the success of treatment in a patient with disabilities is the conditioning to the query , since by appropriate behavioral approach, its handling is greatly facilitated . Children with special health care needs (CSHCN ) are those have or are at increased risk for chronic physical conditions developmental , behavioral or emotional conditions that require services Related health of a type or amount additional to that required by children generally . ( Ganem , 2011) In dealing with the different representations categorize autistic patients , the dentist understand the disorder and Dental considerations to provide dental treatment for type patient specific . We can define an autistic child as an individual with emotional disturbances and mental development , which causes problems learning, relationship and communication with others. disease characterized by the bearer reflect behavior restricted , repetitive , irrational routines and a serious difficulty language. Autistic patients have dental abnormalities and absent Dental diseases are generally related to standards behavior. The dental morphology is normal, but may have wear occlusion due to bruxism. Oral hygiene may be poor due to lack of brushing and the inability to accept the help of another person . 2 Some medications for children with autism can cause reactions adverse orofacial . These drugs stabilize mood and improve care . For dental treatment desensitization technique used starting treatment of minor to major anxiety. Using physical limitations , with the consent of appropriate information and sedation may be useful (psychotropic agents may cause effects unusual in patients with autism) side.
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ODONTOLOGIA PEDIATRICA, AUTISMO