Sobreexpresión del GEN HER2/NEU por inmunohistoquimica e hibridación in situ con plata, en pacientes con cáncer gástrico Instituto Oncológico Nacional Solca 2015-2016
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El cáncer gástrico es una neoplasia maligna con atipia gradual de las células de la mucosa gástrica con síntomas incipientes en etapas tempranas, lo que influye en la detección tardía cuando existen complicaciones como metástasis del tumor. Es el quinto tumor con mayor incidencia en Ecuador. El gen Her2/neu es un protooncogen localizado en brazo grande del cromosoma 17 (17q21), influye en el crecimiento y división normal de las células, su expresión anormal es evaluada en diferentes neoplasias. En el cáncer gástrico tiene relación con el pronóstico, sobrevida y terapéutica del paciente. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es determinar la sobreexpresión del gen Her2/Neu por inmunohistoquímica (IHQ) e hibridación in situ con plata (SISH), en pacientes con cáncer gástrico; además determinar la incidencia de adenocarcinoma gástrico, establecer una relación entre la expresión del gen y el tipo histológico de adenocarcinoma. Es un estudio descriptivo, analítico, cuantitativo, retrospectivo, longitudinal, no experimental. Los resultados determinaron la incidencia en el año 2015 fue del 4% y en año 2016 del 6%, de los 57 pacientes estudiados por IHQ un 72%, no expresaron el gen Her2/neu; y lo expresaron el 19.2%. El 8% restante fueron equívocos por lo que se realizo SISH y el 20% amplifico el gen; por lo que se concluye justificable el estudio por medio de SISH de todos los casos reportados como equívocos y además no existe una relación entre la expresión del gen y el tipo histológico de adenocarcinoma.
Palabras claves: gen Her2/neu; cáncer gástrico; sobreexpresión; inmunohistoquímica; hibridación in situ con plata.
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ABSTRACT Gastric cancer is a malignant neoplasm with gradual atypia of the cells of the gastric mucosa with incipient symptoms in the early stages, which influences the late detection when there are complications such as tumor metastasis. It is the fifth tumor with the highest incidence in Ecuador. The Her2 / neu gene is a protooncogene located in large arm of chromosome 17 (17q21), influences the normal growth and division of cells, its abnormal expression is evaluated in different neoplasms. In gastric cancer, it is related to the patient's prognosis, survival and therapeutics. The objective of this research is to determine the overexpression of the Her2 / Neu gene by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and silver in situ hybridization (SISH) in patients with gastric cancer; In addition to determining the incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma, to establish a relationship between the expression of the gene and the histological type of adenocarcinoma. It is a descriptive, analytical, quantitative, retrospective, longitudinal, non-experimental study. The results determined the incidence in 2015 was 4% and in 2016 6%, of the 57 patients studied by IHQ 72%, did not express the Her2 / neu gene; and expressed it 19.2%. The remaining 8% were equivocal so that SISH was performed and the 20% amplified the gene; and therefore the SISH study of all the cases reported as equivocal is justified and there is no relationship between gene expression and histological type of adenocarcinoma.
ABSTRACT Gastric cancer is a malignant neoplasm with gradual atypia of the cells of the gastric mucosa with incipient symptoms in the early stages, which influences the late detection when there are complications such as tumor metastasis. It is the fifth tumor with the highest incidence in Ecuador. The Her2 / neu gene is a protooncogene located in large arm of chromosome 17 (17q21), influences the normal growth and division of cells, its abnormal expression is evaluated in different neoplasms. In gastric cancer, it is related to the patient's prognosis, survival and therapeutics. The objective of this research is to determine the overexpression of the Her2 / Neu gene by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and silver in situ hybridization (SISH) in patients with gastric cancer; In addition to determining the incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma, to establish a relationship between the expression of the gene and the histological type of adenocarcinoma. It is a descriptive, analytical, quantitative, retrospective, longitudinal, non-experimental study. The results determined the incidence in 2015 was 4% and in 2016 6%, of the 57 patients studied by IHQ 72%, did not express the Her2 / neu gene; and expressed it 19.2%. The remaining 8% were equivocal so that SISH was performed and the 20% amplified the gene; and therefore the SISH study of all the cases reported as equivocal is justified and there is no relationship between gene expression and histological type of adenocarcinoma.
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Gen HER2/NEU, Neoplasias gástricas, Inmunohistoquímica, Hibridación in situ con plata, Hospital SOLCA de Guayaquil, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador