Leishmaniasis cutánea, elaboración de un protocolo de prevención para la población del cantón de Alausí, provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La leishmaniasis es una infección producida por los protozoarios flagelados del género Leishmania. Las manifestaciones de dicha infección pueden ser de varios tipos, siendo las mismas, del tipo cutánea, mucocutáneas o viscerales. Los protozoarios pueden no sólo infectar al hombre, sino también a otros animales, tales como perros y roedores. Conviene señalar, que la leishmaniasis es transmitida por el mosquito Phlebotomus, el cual tiene como hábitat, zonas tropicales y subtropicales. En América, al vector se le conoce como Lutzomyia (mosca de la arena). La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad endémica que para el año 2015 reportaba más de 12 millones de casos, con una incidencia anual de la misma de 2 a 5 millones de casos. En el año 2015 se reportaron 13 casos de leishmaniasis cutánea en el Cantón de Alausí, Provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador. Con miras a aportar una solución a tal problema, se procedió a realizar una revisión bibliográfica, así como también se hizo uso de una encuesta. La data obtenida se tradujo en obtener los diversos factores que influyen en el esparcimiento de la enfermedad. Se encontró que factores tales como la poca fumigación de las zonas de residencia, tenencia de perros como mascotas y una falta de conocimiento en lo que leishmaniasis refiere; constituyen elementos que tienen gran influencia en la transmisión de leishmaniasis. Por tanto, tomando en cuenta los factores antes señalados, se propone la elaboración de un protocolo de prevención para la leishmaniasis para disminuir la transmisión de la enfermedad.
Leishmaniasis is an infection caused by flagellate protozoa of the genus Leishmania. The manifestations of this infection can be of various types, being the same, the type skin visceral, mucocutaneous or. Protozoa can not only infect humans, but other animals such as dogs and rodents. It should be noted that leishmaniasis is transmitted by the mosquito Phlebotomus, which has as its habitat, tropical and subtropical areas. In America, the vector is known as Lutzomyia (sand fly). Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease that 2015 reported more than 12 million cases, with an annual incidence of it from 2 to 5 million cases. In 2015 13 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were reported in Canton Alausí, Chimborazo Province, Ecuador. In order to provide a solution to this problem, we proceeded to perform a literature review and also made use of a survey. The data obtained resulted in obtaining the various factors that influence the spread of the disease. It was found that factors such as low fumigation of living areas, keeping dogs as pets and a lack of knowledge in what refers leishmaniasis; are elements that have great influence on the transmission of leishmaniasis. Therefore, taking into account the aforementioned factors, the development of a prevention protocol for leishmaniasis to reduce disease transmission is proposed
Leishmaniasis is an infection caused by flagellate protozoa of the genus Leishmania. The manifestations of this infection can be of various types, being the same, the type skin visceral, mucocutaneous or. Protozoa can not only infect humans, but other animals such as dogs and rodents. It should be noted that leishmaniasis is transmitted by the mosquito Phlebotomus, which has as its habitat, tropical and subtropical areas. In America, the vector is known as Lutzomyia (sand fly). Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease that 2015 reported more than 12 million cases, with an annual incidence of it from 2 to 5 million cases. In 2015 13 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were reported in Canton Alausí, Chimborazo Province, Ecuador. In order to provide a solution to this problem, we proceeded to perform a literature review and also made use of a survey. The data obtained resulted in obtaining the various factors that influence the spread of the disease. It was found that factors such as low fumigation of living areas, keeping dogs as pets and a lack of knowledge in what refers leishmaniasis; are elements that have great influence on the transmission of leishmaniasis. Therefore, taking into account the aforementioned factors, the development of a prevention protocol for leishmaniasis to reduce disease transmission is proposed
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Leishmaniasis cutánea, Protocolos, Medicina preventiva, Cantón Alausi, Epidemiología descriptiva, Ecuador