Factores de riesgo del cáncer de mama, propuesta de protocolo para detección temprana y manejo de cáncer de mama en el Hospital de Solca Guayaquil, período 2015
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La detección temprana del cáncer de mama junto con el tratamiento adecuado es actualmente la estrategia para reducir la mortalidad por esta patología que es potencialmente curable. El objetivo general es contribuir con el diagnóstico temprano para conseguir que las pacientes no lleguen con complicaciones como derrame pleural, derrame pericárdico, embolismo pulmonar, metástasis pleurales u óseas, linfangitis carcinomatosa, y diseminación ganglionar, que son manifestaciones de progresión de la enfermedad. El estudio se realizó con la finalidad de determinar el porqué del diagnóstico tardío, si se debía al desconocimiento de los signos y síntomas iniciales, a factores de riesgo, al uso de terapia hormonal, antecedentes familiares y/ o alteraciones genéticas. La metodología fue cualitativo – interpretativo, que ayudó a analizar las falencias en la socialización de información. La modalidad del estudio de caso: documental – bibliográfica, con la que se compara la situación de las pacientes de Solca Guayaquil con la problemática de otros países. El tipo de investigación fue descriptiva y analítica, con el propósito de conocer las situaciones, costumbres y actitudes de las pacientes frente al cáncer. Resultados: poco conocimiento sobre los factores de riesgo del cáncer de mama, inclusive teniendo familiares consanguíneos con esa patología; 19 pacientes en estadio T1 y T2 con mejor pronóstico, 10 de las pacientes en estadio T3N2, 2 pacientes en estadio T4. Conclusión: con la concienciación social sobre la detección precoz y manejo de cáncer de mama se podrá lograr que cada vez sean menos las pacientes que acudan en estadios avanzados de la enfermedad.
The early detection of breast cancer along with proper treatment is currently the strategy to reduce mortality from this pathology that is potentially curable. The general objective is to contribute to the early diagnosis to ensure that patients do not arrive with complications such as pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, pulmonary embolism, pleural metastases or bone lymphangitic carcinomatosis, and nodal spread, which are manifestations of disease progression. The study was conducted with the aim of determining the why of the late diagnosis, if was due to the lack of knowledge of the initial signs and symptoms, risk factors, to the use of hormone therapy, family history and/ or genetic alterations. The methodology was qualitative - interpretation, which helped me to analyze the shortcomings in the socialization of information. The modality of the case study: Documentary - bibliographical, with which I could compare the situation of the patients of Solca Guayaquil with the problems of other countries. The type of investigation was descriptive and analytical, with the purpose of knowing the situations, customs and attitudes of the patients against cancer. Results: poor knowledge about the risk factors of breast cancer, including taking consanguineous family with this pathology. 19 patients in stage T1 and T2 with a better prognosis, 10 of the patients with stage T3N2, 2 patients with stage T4. Conclusion: with social awareness about the early detection and management of breast cancer can be achieved that each time they are less the patients who come in advanced stages of the disease.
The early detection of breast cancer along with proper treatment is currently the strategy to reduce mortality from this pathology that is potentially curable. The general objective is to contribute to the early diagnosis to ensure that patients do not arrive with complications such as pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, pulmonary embolism, pleural metastases or bone lymphangitic carcinomatosis, and nodal spread, which are manifestations of disease progression. The study was conducted with the aim of determining the why of the late diagnosis, if was due to the lack of knowledge of the initial signs and symptoms, risk factors, to the use of hormone therapy, family history and/ or genetic alterations. The methodology was qualitative - interpretation, which helped me to analyze the shortcomings in the socialization of information. The modality of the case study: Documentary - bibliographical, with which I could compare the situation of the patients of Solca Guayaquil with the problems of other countries. The type of investigation was descriptive and analytical, with the purpose of knowing the situations, customs and attitudes of the patients against cancer. Results: poor knowledge about the risk factors of breast cancer, including taking consanguineous family with this pathology. 19 patients in stage T1 and T2 with a better prognosis, 10 of the patients with stage T3N2, 2 patients with stage T4. Conclusion: with social awareness about the early detection and management of breast cancer can be achieved that each time they are less the patients who come in advanced stages of the disease.
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Neoplasias de la mama, Protocolos, Factores de riesgo, Epidemiología descriptiva, Epidemiología analítica, Hospital SOLCA de Guayaquil, Ecuador, Cantón Guayaquil