Prevalencia del cáncer de mama y factores de riesgo en mujeres mayores de 40 años Unidad Oncológica SOLCA Loja 2009-2011
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2014
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La presente tesis tiene como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo en el cáncer de mama, con el propósito de dar a conocer la importancia de estos y su relación con desarrollo de cáncer mamario. Metodología se trató de un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, retrospectivo, realizado en la Unida Oncológica SOLCA Loja en el periodo comprendido 2009-2011 cuyo Universo estuvo conformado por 800 pacientes qué ingresaron al área de consulta externa, la muestra estuvo conformada de 111 pacientes las cuales cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión establecidos, para la obtención de los datos se recurrió a recabar la información obtenida de las historias clínicas de las pacientes y se obtuvo los siguiente resultados la frecuencia de cáncer de mama de acuerdo a la edad fue mayor en mujeres de 45-50 años con el 18.50%. El factor de riesgo modificable que tuvo un mayor porcentaje de presentación en la muestra fue el sobrepeso IMC mayor de 25 equivale a 63.06%. El sobrepeso supone un riesgo elevado de cáncer de mama, en especial para mujeres postmenopáusicas. El tejido graso es la principal fuente de estrógeno que posee el cuerpo tras la menopausia, cuando los ovarios dejan de producir la hormona. Una mayor cantidad de tejido graso implica un mayor nivel de estrógeno, lo que puede aumentar el riesgo de cáncer de mama. Entre los factores de riesgo no modificable el de mayor prevalencia fue la edad de la menarca antes de los 11 años equivale al 25.23% ya que la menarca temprana expone a la mujer a un mayor número de ciclos anovulatorio y por ende a mayor exposición de estrógenos.
This thesis aims to determine the prevalence of risk factors for breast cancer , with the aim of raising awareness of the importance of these and its relationship to development of breast cancer. Methodology was a descriptive , longitudinal , retrospective study conducted in the United Cancer SOLCA Loja in the period 2009-2011 whose universe consisted of 800 patients admitted to the outpatient area , the sample consisted of 111 patients which met the inclusion criteria for obtaining the data is resorted to gather information from the medical records of the patients and the following results were obtained the frequency of breast cancer according to age was higher in women 45-50 years with 18.50 %. The modifiable risk factor that had a higher percentage of the sample presentation was the overweight BMI of 25 is equivalent to 63.06 %. Overweight is a high risk of breast cancer, especially for postmenopausal women. Fatty tissue is the main source of estrogen that has the body after menopause, when the ovaries stop producing the hormone. A greater amount of fatty tissue involves a higher level of estrogen, which can increase the risk of breast cancer. Among the modifiable risk factors not the most prevalent was the age of menarche before age 11 is equal to 25.23 % since early menarche exposes women to a greater number of anovulatory cycles and therefore greater exposure to estrogen
This thesis aims to determine the prevalence of risk factors for breast cancer , with the aim of raising awareness of the importance of these and its relationship to development of breast cancer. Methodology was a descriptive , longitudinal , retrospective study conducted in the United Cancer SOLCA Loja in the period 2009-2011 whose universe consisted of 800 patients admitted to the outpatient area , the sample consisted of 111 patients which met the inclusion criteria for obtaining the data is resorted to gather information from the medical records of the patients and the following results were obtained the frequency of breast cancer according to age was higher in women 45-50 years with 18.50 %. The modifiable risk factor that had a higher percentage of the sample presentation was the overweight BMI of 25 is equivalent to 63.06 %. Overweight is a high risk of breast cancer, especially for postmenopausal women. Fatty tissue is the main source of estrogen that has the body after menopause, when the ovaries stop producing the hormone. A greater amount of fatty tissue involves a higher level of estrogen, which can increase the risk of breast cancer. Among the modifiable risk factors not the most prevalent was the age of menarche before age 11 is equal to 25.23 % since early menarche exposes women to a greater number of anovulatory cycles and therefore greater exposure to estrogen
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Neoplasias de la mama, Factores de riesgo, Prevalencia, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital SOLCA de Loja, Cantón Loja, Ecuador