Neoplasia intraepitelial cervical en embarazadas del Servicio de Colposcopía de la Consulta Externa. Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor 2013-2014
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El cáncer de cuello uterino es el más frecuente entre las mujeres que viven en los países en vías de desarrollo. Estas pacientes desarrollan una neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC) en la zona de transformación anatómica antes de evolucionar al carcinoma invasivo por consiguiente es un punto importante del examen colposcópico. La infección persistente por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH), el tabaquismo, el inicio temprano de relaciones sexuales, múltiples compañeros sexuales, el uso prolongado de anticonceptivos hormonales, la multiparidad, la infección por Chlamydia Trachomatis así como el embarazo precoz son factores necesarios para el desarrollo de la enfermedad. La citología del cérvix y el estudio histológico de las displasias o de lesiones por el VPH junto a la colposcopía son las bases que sustentan el diagnóstico de la NIC. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de la NIC y su asociación a infecciones por el VPH en mujeres embarazadas. Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo y correlacional, de diseño no experimental, retrospectivo, en el que se incluyó a todas las mujeres gestantes que se realizaron un examen colposcópico con NIC en el área de consulta externa del Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor en el periodo comprendido entre enero del 2013 a diciembre del 2014. La edad, el inicio precoz de las relaciones sexuales, la nuliparidad, el VPH, la NIC resultaron ser variables que influyeron de forma significativa en la aparición del cáncer de cérvix. Se evidenció NIC 1 en el 93.0%, NIC 2 en un 3.5% y Carcinomaescamocelular en un 3.5%. El inicio temprano de la primera relación sexual, la presencia de VPH, la nuliparidad fueron factores que estuvieron presentes en nuestras pacientes en un elevado porcentaje, la promiscuidad y la adolescencia no incidieron de forma significativa.
Cervical cancer is the most common among women living in the developing country. These patients develop cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in the anatomical transformation before progression to invasive carcinoma is therefore an important point of colposcopic examination. Persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), smoking, early initiation of sex, multiple sexual partners, prolonged use of hormonal contraceptives, multiparity, Chlamydia trachomatis infection and early pregnancy are necessary factors for developing the disease. Cervical cytology and histological study of dysplasias or HPV lesions with colposcopy are the bases that support the diagnosis of CIN. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of CINand its associationwith HPV infections in pregnant women. Astudy of descriptive and correlational, not experimental, retrospective design, in which all pregnant women a colposcopic examination were performed with CINin the area of outpatient Obstetric-Gynecologic Hospital Enrique C. Sotomayor was included was conducted in the period from January 2013 to December 2014. The age, early onset of sexual relations, nuliparity,HPV,CINvariables found to be significantly influenced the occurrence of cervical cancer. It was evident CIN 1 in a 93.0%, CIN 2 in a 3.5% and 3.5% Carcinomaescamocelular.The early onset of first intercourse, the presence of HPV, nuliparity were factors that were present in our patient in a high percentage, promiscuity and adolescence did notinfluence significantly
Cervical cancer is the most common among women living in the developing country. These patients develop cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in the anatomical transformation before progression to invasive carcinoma is therefore an important point of colposcopic examination. Persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), smoking, early initiation of sex, multiple sexual partners, prolonged use of hormonal contraceptives, multiparity, Chlamydia trachomatis infection and early pregnancy are necessary factors for developing the disease. Cervical cytology and histological study of dysplasias or HPV lesions with colposcopy are the bases that support the diagnosis of CIN. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of CINand its associationwith HPV infections in pregnant women. Astudy of descriptive and correlational, not experimental, retrospective design, in which all pregnant women a colposcopic examination were performed with CINin the area of outpatient Obstetric-Gynecologic Hospital Enrique C. Sotomayor was included was conducted in the period from January 2013 to December 2014. The age, early onset of sexual relations, nuliparity,HPV,CINvariables found to be significantly influenced the occurrence of cervical cancer. It was evident CIN 1 in a 93.0%, CIN 2 in a 3.5% and 3.5% Carcinomaescamocelular.The early onset of first intercourse, the presence of HPV, nuliparity were factors that were present in our patient in a high percentage, promiscuity and adolescence did notinfluence significantly
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Mujeres embarazadas, Neoplasias del cuello uterino, Neoplasia intraepitelial cervical, Colposcopía, Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador