Antígenos de helicobacter pylori en heces : incidencia y factores de riesgo en patología gastrointestinal en el Centro de Atención Ambulatoria No. 213 Sur Valdivia I.E.S.S. 2013
Fecha
2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Helicobacter pylori es agente causal de infección de distribución mundial, con alta
prevalencia en países en desarrollo. Está relacionado con gastritis crónica en niños y adultos,
y a cáncer gástrico en adultos infectados durante la infancia. Su prevalencia es tan alta entre
pacientes pediátricos que podría inferirse a esta población. En este sentido las múltiples
casas de salud, son instituciones que presentan una gran demanda de atención pediátrica en
consulta externa, de emergencia y hospitalización por enfermedades digestivas. Para
establecer la incidencia de esta infección y sus factores de riesgo en esta población se realizó
un estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo, de diseño no experimental y transversal,
atendidos por enfermedad gastrointestinal en la Consulta Externa de Pediatría del Centro de Atención Ambulatoria No. 213 Sur “Valdivia” del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social
de Guayaquil, entre julio y diciembre del año 2013. Se realizó una encuesta previa a los
cuidadores de los pacientes. La muestra estuvo conformada por 96 niños con edades entre 5
y 10 años a quienes se les realizó la determinación del antígeno de Helicobacter pylori en
heces por el método de ELISA, obteniéndose una positividad total de 64 pacientes con un
65,5%, predominando el sexo masculino, con 90,1%; los grupos etarios más frecuente fueron
los 5 y 10 años con un 17% y 15,5%, cuyo diagnóstico clínico más frecuente fue gastritis con
55%. En cuanto a las características epidemiológicas, se demostró que el 79% de los
pacientes consume alimentos preparados en la calle, y solo un 19% bebe agua exclusivamente
hervida. En esta población un 70% posee alcantarillado para la eliminación de excretas, el
90% reside en áreas urbano y urbano marginales, existiendo un total de hacinamiento de 65%
y el 83% convive con animales domésticos. En conclusión existe una alta incidencia de
infección por Helicobacter pylori en la población pediátrica estudiada, por lo que constituye
un problema de salud pública.
Helicobacter pylori is the most cause agent of infection of worldwide distribution, with high prevalence in developing countries. It is related to chronic gastritis in children and adults, and gastric cancer in adults infected in childhood. Its prevalence is so high among pediatric patients that could be inferred to this population. The multiple health institutions present a high demand at the outpatient service, emergency care and hospitalization for gastrointestinal disease, however there is no updated information about frequency of infection by Helicobacter pylori among pediatric patients and its relationship with different pathologies. To establish the incidence of Helicobacter pylori and its risk factors in this populations is conducted an observational, descriptive, non-experimental, and cross sectional study including patients, chronologically selected and stratified by age between 5 and 10 years, admitted for digestive disease in the outpatient service at the South Ambulatory Health Center No. 213 “Valdivia” of the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute in Guayaquil, between July and December of 2013. A preliminary survey was conducted to caregivers of patients. The sample consisted of 96 children aged between 5 and 10 years who underwent determination of Helicobacter pylori antigen in stool by ELISA method, yielding an overall positivity of 64 patients and 65.5%, predominantly male, with 90.1%; the most frequent age groups were 5 and 10 years with 17% and 15.5%, the most common clinical diagnosis was gastritis with 55%. As to the epidemiological characteristics, it was shown that 79% of patients consume prepared food on streets, and only 19% drink only boiled water. In this population, 70% have sewerage for disposal of excreta, 90% resides in urban and urban fringe areas, the total of overcrowding is 65% and 83% live with pets. In conclusion there is a high incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in the pediatric population studied, which constitutes a public health problem.
Helicobacter pylori is the most cause agent of infection of worldwide distribution, with high prevalence in developing countries. It is related to chronic gastritis in children and adults, and gastric cancer in adults infected in childhood. Its prevalence is so high among pediatric patients that could be inferred to this population. The multiple health institutions present a high demand at the outpatient service, emergency care and hospitalization for gastrointestinal disease, however there is no updated information about frequency of infection by Helicobacter pylori among pediatric patients and its relationship with different pathologies. To establish the incidence of Helicobacter pylori and its risk factors in this populations is conducted an observational, descriptive, non-experimental, and cross sectional study including patients, chronologically selected and stratified by age between 5 and 10 years, admitted for digestive disease in the outpatient service at the South Ambulatory Health Center No. 213 “Valdivia” of the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute in Guayaquil, between July and December of 2013. A preliminary survey was conducted to caregivers of patients. The sample consisted of 96 children aged between 5 and 10 years who underwent determination of Helicobacter pylori antigen in stool by ELISA method, yielding an overall positivity of 64 patients and 65.5%, predominantly male, with 90.1%; the most frequent age groups were 5 and 10 years with 17% and 15.5%, the most common clinical diagnosis was gastritis with 55%. As to the epidemiological characteristics, it was shown that 79% of patients consume prepared food on streets, and only 19% drink only boiled water. In this population, 70% have sewerage for disposal of excreta, 90% resides in urban and urban fringe areas, the total of overcrowding is 65% and 83% live with pets. In conclusion there is a high incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in the pediatric population studied, which constitutes a public health problem.
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Helicobacter pylori, Enfermedades gastrointestinales, Epidemiología descriptiva, Pediatría, Hospital Sur Valdivia del IESS, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador