Efecto de una combinación del probiótico Pediococcus acidilactici con vitaminas y antioxidantes en el crecimiento y supervivencia del camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei
Fecha
2014
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
En nuestro país, el cultivo en cautiverio del camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei, es una gran fuente de divisas y empleo; hasta la actualidad, la intensificación de los cultivos se ha incrementado, éste aumento se debe al consumo externo. La demanda acarreó el incremento en hectáreas y densidades de siembra en piscinas, para satisfacer las necesidades; antes de la mancha blanca las densidades de siembra comprendían las 1,600 lbs/Ha, en la actualidad sobrepasan los 2,500 lbs/Ha (CNA, 2012); éste incremento en la densidades de siembra trajo consigo la aparición y diseminación de enfermedades que afectan al cultivo de camarón. Los probióticos están siendo utilizados en la acuicultura para promover el crecimiento y aumentar la supervivencia de los camarones. En el caso de Pediococcus acidilactici ha surgido como un potencial probiótico que ha mostrado resultados prometedores en experimentos en Penaeus monodon (Nguyen et al., 2004); en Litopenaeus stylirostris (Castex et al., 2009); en L. vannamei (Castex et al., 2012). Sus beneficios son conocidos como productor de ácido láctico y bacteriocinas, colonizando el tracto digestivo y disminuyendo la actividad de patógenos; a estas bondades se pueden sumar el incremento de resistencia al estrés y el desarrollo de una flora intestinal óptima. Si sumamos al probiotico una combinación de vitaminas inmunoestimulantes, prebióticos, antioxidantes y selenio, se lograría potencializar su acción benéfica y por ende favorecer la salud del camarón. En esta investigación se evaluó el uso de la combinación denominada “PERFOSTIM” constituida de probiótico, antioxidantes, sustrato prebiótico vegetal y vitaminas, para determinar su efecto sobre el crecimiento, factor de conversión y supervivencia de Litopenaeus vannamei. El ensayo se realizó en los meses de Septiembre a Diciembre del 2013 y Enero del 2014 en la camaronera Expalsa S. A., ubicada en El Morro, vía Villamil Playas, Provincia del Guayas-Ecuador. Se emplearon piscinas sembradas en 11.5 hectáreas y 143,000 camarones/Ha promedio; los tratamientos y controles fueron por duplicado, la dosificación de la combinación fue de 5 g/kg de balanceado, este alimento fue aplicado 2 veces al día (mañana y tarde). Se evaluó el crecimiento y supervivencia del camarón a los 125 días de cultivo, los resultados muestran un incremento del 22% del peso promedio para el tratamiento con PERFOSTIM y una disminución del 22 % del factor de conversión alimenticia. Además, el tratamiento muestra un incremento en la supervivencia de un 4%. Estos resultados sugieren que la mezcla sinérgica del probiótico permite equilibrar la flora bacteriana del tracto digestivo y la fuente de prebiótico favorece la proliferación de las bacterias benéficas que ayudan a los procesos de digestión del alimento consumido; al igual que la supervivencia. Estadísticamente los parámetros de salinidad y alcalinidad, presentan diferencias significativas con la prueba “t”-student con el 95% de confianza. Mientras que en los datos de amonio, pH y temperatura no existen diferencias.
At our country, the cultivation in captivity of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, a great source comes from foreign exchange and job; To the present time, the intensification of cultivations has increased, I increase this it is due to the external consumption. The request carried the increment at hectares and densities of planting at swimming pools, to fulfill needs; The 1.600 lbs/Ha understood the densities of planting before the white stain, as of the present moment they surpass the 2,500 lbs/Ha (CNA, 2012 ); This I increment in her densities of planting you brought along the appearing and dissemination of diseases that affect the cultivation of shrimp. The probiotic are being utilized in the hydroponics to promote the growth and increasing the shrimps' survival. In the event of Pediococcus acidilactici monogift has happened like a probiotic potential that has evidenced promising results in experiments in Penaeus (Nguyen et al., 2004); In Litopenaeus stylirostris (Castex et al., 2009 ); In L. vannamei (Castex et al., 2012). His benefits are known like producer of lactic acid and bacteriocinas, colonizing the digestive tract and decreasing the activity of pathogenic; The increment of resistance to the stress and the development of an intestinal optimal flora can consolidate to these goodnesses. If we added a vitamins combination to the pro-biotic inmunoestimulantes, pre-biotic, antirust and selenium, it would be managed to potentiate his beneficial action and for there favoring the shrimp's health. In this research, the use of the combination called "PERFOSTIM" probiotic constituted, antioxidants, vitamins and plant prebiotic substrate was evaluated to determine determine his effect on the growth, conversion factor and Litopenaeus's survival vannamei. You sold off to Diciembre the essay in Septiembre's months of the 2013 and January of the 2014 in the shrimp seller Expalsa S.A To, located in The Snout, road Villamil Playas, Provincia of the Guayas Ecuador. They used swimming pools sown at 11,5 hectares and 143.000 average camarones/Ha; The treatments and controls matched in duplicate, the dosification of the combination went from 5 g kg of balancing, this food was applied 2 up-to-date times ( morning and afternoon ). You evaluated the growth and survival of the shrimp to the 125 days of cultivation, the results evidence an increment of 22% of the average weight for the treatment with PERFOSTIM and a nutritious decrease of 22% of the conversion factor. Besides, the treatment evidences an increment in a 4%'s survival. These results suggest that the pro-biotic synergetic mixture enables balancing the digestive tract's bacterial flora and the source of pre-biotic you favor the proliferation of the beneficial bacteria that help the processes of digestion of the consumed food; Just like survival. Statistically the parameters of salinity and alkalinity, significant differences with proof show t - student with 95 % of confidence. In the meantime than in the data of ammonium, pH and temperature differences do not exist.
At our country, the cultivation in captivity of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, a great source comes from foreign exchange and job; To the present time, the intensification of cultivations has increased, I increase this it is due to the external consumption. The request carried the increment at hectares and densities of planting at swimming pools, to fulfill needs; The 1.600 lbs/Ha understood the densities of planting before the white stain, as of the present moment they surpass the 2,500 lbs/Ha (CNA, 2012 ); This I increment in her densities of planting you brought along the appearing and dissemination of diseases that affect the cultivation of shrimp. The probiotic are being utilized in the hydroponics to promote the growth and increasing the shrimps' survival. In the event of Pediococcus acidilactici monogift has happened like a probiotic potential that has evidenced promising results in experiments in Penaeus (Nguyen et al., 2004); In Litopenaeus stylirostris (Castex et al., 2009 ); In L. vannamei (Castex et al., 2012). His benefits are known like producer of lactic acid and bacteriocinas, colonizing the digestive tract and decreasing the activity of pathogenic; The increment of resistance to the stress and the development of an intestinal optimal flora can consolidate to these goodnesses. If we added a vitamins combination to the pro-biotic inmunoestimulantes, pre-biotic, antirust and selenium, it would be managed to potentiate his beneficial action and for there favoring the shrimp's health. In this research, the use of the combination called "PERFOSTIM" probiotic constituted, antioxidants, vitamins and plant prebiotic substrate was evaluated to determine determine his effect on the growth, conversion factor and Litopenaeus's survival vannamei. You sold off to Diciembre the essay in Septiembre's months of the 2013 and January of the 2014 in the shrimp seller Expalsa S.A To, located in The Snout, road Villamil Playas, Provincia of the Guayas Ecuador. They used swimming pools sown at 11,5 hectares and 143.000 average camarones/Ha; The treatments and controls matched in duplicate, the dosification of the combination went from 5 g kg of balancing, this food was applied 2 up-to-date times ( morning and afternoon ). You evaluated the growth and survival of the shrimp to the 125 days of cultivation, the results evidence an increment of 22% of the average weight for the treatment with PERFOSTIM and a nutritious decrease of 22% of the conversion factor. Besides, the treatment evidences an increment in a 4%'s survival. These results suggest that the pro-biotic synergetic mixture enables balancing the digestive tract's bacterial flora and the source of pre-biotic you favor the proliferation of the beneficial bacteria that help the processes of digestion of the consumed food; Just like survival. Statistically the parameters of salinity and alkalinity, significant differences with proof show t - student with 95 % of confidence. In the meantime than in the data of ammonium, pH and temperature differences do not exist.
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PROBIÓTICO, VITAMINAS, ANTIOXIDANTES, SUPERVIVENCIA