Identificación de los factores de riesgos de neumonía asociadas a la ventilación mecánica de los pacientes hospitalizados
Fecha
2014
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
La neumonía es la complicación infecciosa más frecuente en los pacientes que ingresan en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Sin embargo, esta entidad no se presenta con igual frecuencia en todos los grupos de pacientes, existiendo mayor riesgo en algunas poblaciones. Sin embargo, este trabajo ha excluido aquellos pacientes con neumonía dentro de las primeras 48 horas. La duración de la ventilación mecánica, se asocia estrechamente con el desarrollo de neumonía, por lo tanto, como objetivo principal es identificar aquellos factores de riesgo de neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica, para crear medidas de prevención que nos ayuden a reducir el incremento de neumonía, para mejorar su estancia y calidad de vida del paciente. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 30 pacientes con neumonía asociada al ventilador en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Clínica Kennedy de la ciudad de Guayaquil Son varios los factores de riesgo a los que están expuestos los pacientes que se encuentran en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, los cuales están determinados factores extrínsecos o intrínsecos de cada persona pueden pre disponer al desarrollo de las diferentes infecciones nosocomiales. Entre estos factores de riesgo intrínsecos existen algunos inalterables, como la edad, enfermedades pulmonares, pacientes en coma. Los factores de riesgo extrínsecos, los cuales podemos modificarlos, ya que con mayor frecuencia están relacionados con las manipulaciones terapéuticas que se realizan a los enfermos, entre ellos son de especial relevancia la ventilación mecánica, intubación de emergencia, intubación prolongada, succión, procedimientos realizados sin la previa asepsia.
Pneumonia is the most common infectious complication in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Units (ICU). However, this entity does not occur with equal frequency in all groups of patients, with a higher risk in some populations. However, this work has excluded those patients with pneumonia within the first 48 hours. The duration of mechanical ventilation is closely associated with the development of pneumonia, therefore, the main objective is to identify those risk factors of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation, to create preventive measures that help us reduce the increase in pneumonia, to improve your stay and quality of life of the patient. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 30 patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Clínica Kennedy in the city of Guayaquil. There are several risk factors to which patients in the unit are exposed. of intensive care, which are certain extrinsic or intrinsic factors of each person can pre-dispose to the development of different nosocomial infections. Among these intrinsic risk factors there are some unalterable, such as age, lung diseases, patients in coma. The extrinsic risk factors, which can be modified, since they are more frequently related to therapeutic manipulations performed on patients, among which are especially important mechanical ventilation, emergency intubation, prolonged intubation, suction, procedures performed without the previous asepsis.
Pneumonia is the most common infectious complication in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Units (ICU). However, this entity does not occur with equal frequency in all groups of patients, with a higher risk in some populations. However, this work has excluded those patients with pneumonia within the first 48 hours. The duration of mechanical ventilation is closely associated with the development of pneumonia, therefore, the main objective is to identify those risk factors of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation, to create preventive measures that help us reduce the increase in pneumonia, to improve your stay and quality of life of the patient. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 30 patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Clínica Kennedy in the city of Guayaquil. There are several risk factors to which patients in the unit are exposed. of intensive care, which are certain extrinsic or intrinsic factors of each person can pre-dispose to the development of different nosocomial infections. Among these intrinsic risk factors there are some unalterable, such as age, lung diseases, patients in coma. The extrinsic risk factors, which can be modified, since they are more frequently related to therapeutic manipulations performed on patients, among which are especially important mechanical ventilation, emergency intubation, prolonged intubation, suction, procedures performed without the previous asepsis.
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Palabras clave
Neumonía, Factores de riesgo, Respiración artificial, Complicaciones, Hospital Clínica Kennedy, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Pacientes hospitalizados