Correlación clínica imagenológica mediante la resonancia magnética en hernias discales lumbares en obreros constructores, estudio a realizar con pacientes de entre 25 y 50 años de edad en el Hospital Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo (IESS) en el período del mes de julio 2012 y febrero 2013
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2013
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Tecnología Médica
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación permitió conocer sobre la hernia discal lumbar que es una enfermedad que afecta al disco intervertebral, el cual se verá sometido a una compresión que por lo general es ocasionada por un trauma o por un esfuerzo físico excesivo o malas posturas en su mayoría, en el caso de los obreros constructores se verá un mayor rango de afectación presentándose como sintomatología primaria el lumbago o lumbalgia, este dolor lumbar es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial y es la principal causa de incapacidad laboral en trabajadores de 15 y 59 años, es posible determinar la patología por datos clínicos y radiográficos. Además se determino sus principales causas tales como: determinados trabajos (con vibración, torsiones, carga de peso), la condición física individual, y los hábitos personales de vida (tabaquismo, obesidad), así como la mecánica corporal incorrecta (mala postura, manera incorrecta de levantar objetos); o envejecimiento natural del disco (perdida de resistencia y elasticidad). Los efectos a parte de la lumbalgia son hasta un dolor irradiado a la pierna que puede venir acompañado de déficits neurológicos, entre otros efectos también tenemos la disfunción miccional y compresión de las raíces medulares. Con la utilización de la técnica de la Resonancia en correlación con la clínica se podrá determinar y comparar con exactitud el grado de lesión y las estructuras que compromete la patología. También servirá la información obtenida al traumatólogo medico y como no al físico terapeuta para que de un buen diagnostico y el tratamiento adecuado. La metodología aplicada estuvo dada por el apoyo bibliográfico, documental, electrónico, también se obtuvo apoyo de las investigaciones explicativas, descriptivas y experimentales. Se utilizo la técnica de la encuesta cuyo instrumento fue un cuestionario Likert.
The present research work allowed to know about the lumbar disc herniation that is a disease that affects the intervertebral disc, which will be subjected to a compression that is usually caused by a trauma or by excessive physical effort or bad postures in its In the case of construction workers, a greater range of affectation will be seen, presenting as lumbago or lumbago as primary symptomatology, this lumbar pain is a public health problem worldwide and is the main cause of work disability in workers of 15 years of age. 59 years, it is possible to determine the pathology by clinical and radiographic data. It also determined its main causes such as: certain jobs (with vibration, twisting, weight bearing), individual physical condition, and personal habits of life (smoking, obesity), as well as incorrect body mechanics (poor posture, way incorrect lifting of objects); or natural disc aging (loss of strength and elasticity). The effects other than low back pain are radiated pain to the leg that may be accompanied by neurological deficits, among other effects we also have voiding dysfunction and compression of the medullary roots. With the use of the Resonance technique in correlation with the clinic, it will be possible to determine and compare accurately the degree of injury and the structures that compromise the pathology. It will also serve the information obtained to the medical traumatologist and of course to the physical therapist so that a good diagnosis and adequate treatment. The methodology applied was given by the bibliographic, documental, electronic support, also support was obtained from the explanatory, descriptive and experimental investigations. We used the survey technique whose instrument was a Likert questionnaire.
The present research work allowed to know about the lumbar disc herniation that is a disease that affects the intervertebral disc, which will be subjected to a compression that is usually caused by a trauma or by excessive physical effort or bad postures in its In the case of construction workers, a greater range of affectation will be seen, presenting as lumbago or lumbago as primary symptomatology, this lumbar pain is a public health problem worldwide and is the main cause of work disability in workers of 15 years of age. 59 years, it is possible to determine the pathology by clinical and radiographic data. It also determined its main causes such as: certain jobs (with vibration, twisting, weight bearing), individual physical condition, and personal habits of life (smoking, obesity), as well as incorrect body mechanics (poor posture, way incorrect lifting of objects); or natural disc aging (loss of strength and elasticity). The effects other than low back pain are radiated pain to the leg that may be accompanied by neurological deficits, among other effects we also have voiding dysfunction and compression of the medullary roots. With the use of the Resonance technique in correlation with the clinic, it will be possible to determine and compare accurately the degree of injury and the structures that compromise the pathology. It will also serve the information obtained to the medical traumatologist and of course to the physical therapist so that a good diagnosis and adequate treatment. The methodology applied was given by the bibliographic, documental, electronic support, also support was obtained from the explanatory, descriptive and experimental investigations. We used the survey technique whose instrument was a Likert questionnaire.
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Hernia discal, Lumbalgia, Espectroscopía de resonancia magnética, Trabajadores de la construcción, Epidemiología descriptiva, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Adulto