Evaluación y propuesta de técnicas de control de riesgos del trabajo en los talleres industriales del Comando de Gurdacostas de la Armada del Ecuador.
Fecha
2011-03-25
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial.
Resumen
El objetivo de la presente tesis de grado es: Efectuar la gestión en la
prevención de los riesgos laborales y Seguridad Industrial, relacionados a los
indicadores de Seguridad y Salud Laboral en el Taller de Mantenimiento del
COGUAR, basados en la política, objetivos y requisitos de la legislación nacional
vigente. Para diagnosticar la situación actual de la empresa, se han analizado los
diversos factores de riesgos presentes en el área en mención, para lo cual se ha
utilizando diagramas de operaciones, de flujo y herramientas de diagnóstico, como
Panorama de Riesgos bajo método FINE, diagramas de Ishikawa y de Pareto, con
los cuales se detectó los principales problemas que afectan a la empresa en el área
de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional, que conciernen a la falta de protección de las
máquinas, escasa capacitación del recurso humano y otros tipos de riesgos, como
son los ergonómicos, eléctrico y de incendio, debido a las fallas en la inutilización
de metodologías para el control de los mismos, lo que ha traído como
consecuencia un índice de 97 días perdidos por accidentes durante el año 2010,
que generan a su vez una tasa de riesgo de 16 días perdidos por cada accidente
laboral con la consecuente pérdida anual por la cantidad de $12.014,22. La
propuesta para enfrentar los problemas se refiere a la aplicación del programa de
Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional, que contenga metodologías seguras, con
inspecciones planeadas e investigación de accidentes, mediante la instalación de
guardas de protección en las máquinas, así como implementación de puentes grúas
y tecle automático, contratación de un Gestor Ambiental, bajo normativas legales
del Decreto 2393, TULAS y Ordenanzas Municipales para recolección de aceites
usados, fortalecimiento de los sistemas de extinción y detección contra incendios,
uso del equipo de protección personal adecuado, y programa de formación y
capacitación del talento humano, en materia de Seguridad laboral. El costo de la
inversión fija a realizar, asciende a $13.721,25 que será recuperada en tres años y
6 meses, generando una Tasa Interna de Retorno de 23% y un Valor Actual Neto
(VAN) de $17.864,24, lo que demuestra la factibilidad de la solución.
The objective of this thesis is: Perform management in prevention of occupational risks and Industrial Safety, related to indicators of Occupational Safety and Health Maintenance Workshop Coguar based on the policy, objectives and requirements of the national legislation force. To diagnose the current situation of the company, we have analyzed the several risk factors present in the area in question, for which purpose it has operations using diagrams, flow charts and diagnostic tools, such as Risk low method Panorama FINE, Ishikawa diagrams and Pareto with which detected the main problems affecting the company in the area Occupational Safety and Health, concerning the lack of protection of machines, poor training of human resources and other types of risks, such as are ergonomic, electrical and fire, due to failures in the disablement methodologies to control them, which has brought Accordingly a rate of 97 days lost per accident in 2010, which in turn generate a hazard ratio of 16 days lost per accident work with the resulting annual loss in the amount of $ 12,014.22. The proposed to address the problems concerning the implementation of the program Occupational Safety and Health, which contains safe methodologies, with planned inspections and accident investigation, by installing guards on machines, as well as implementation of cranes and automatic tecle, hiring an Environmental Manager, under legal regulations Decree 2393, TULAS and Municipal Ordinances for collecting oil used, strengthening extinguishing systems and fire detection, use of appropriate personal protective equipment, and training program and training of human talent, on labor safety. The cost of fixed investment to be made, amounting to $ 13,721.25 which will be recovered in three years and 6 months, generating an internal rate of return of 23% and Net Present Value (NPV) of $ 17,864.24, which demonstrates the feasibility of the solution.
The objective of this thesis is: Perform management in prevention of occupational risks and Industrial Safety, related to indicators of Occupational Safety and Health Maintenance Workshop Coguar based on the policy, objectives and requirements of the national legislation force. To diagnose the current situation of the company, we have analyzed the several risk factors present in the area in question, for which purpose it has operations using diagrams, flow charts and diagnostic tools, such as Risk low method Panorama FINE, Ishikawa diagrams and Pareto with which detected the main problems affecting the company in the area Occupational Safety and Health, concerning the lack of protection of machines, poor training of human resources and other types of risks, such as are ergonomic, electrical and fire, due to failures in the disablement methodologies to control them, which has brought Accordingly a rate of 97 days lost per accident in 2010, which in turn generate a hazard ratio of 16 days lost per accident work with the resulting annual loss in the amount of $ 12,014.22. The proposed to address the problems concerning the implementation of the program Occupational Safety and Health, which contains safe methodologies, with planned inspections and accident investigation, by installing guards on machines, as well as implementation of cranes and automatic tecle, hiring an Environmental Manager, under legal regulations Decree 2393, TULAS and Municipal Ordinances for collecting oil used, strengthening extinguishing systems and fire detection, use of appropriate personal protective equipment, and training program and training of human talent, on labor safety. The cost of fixed investment to be made, amounting to $ 13,721.25 which will be recovered in three years and 6 months, generating an internal rate of return of 23% and Net Present Value (NPV) of $ 17,864.24, which demonstrates the feasibility of the solution.
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Palabras clave
SISTEMAS INTEGRADOS DE GESTIÓN, REPARACIÓN - MANTENIMIENTO, EMBARCACIÓN, COGUAR