Propuesta para la estandarización de la ficha dental como herramienta de la identificación humana en medicina forense
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La identificación humana es un proceso que reúne las más diversas áreas del conocimiento. En países como Cuba, Perú y Argentina, se ha realizado la identificación humana por medio de la Ficha Dental con resultados exitosos. El dentigrama u odontograma constituye fundamentalmente un documento de trabajo que generalmente se incluye en la historia clínica odontológica, por medio del cual el estomatólogo registra mediante símbolos los tratamientos y afecciones presentes en la dentadura de un paciente. Este diagrama es la forma más universalmente difundida de registro usado por los dentistas. Desafortunadamente, no se ha adoptado un sistema único de representación y ello puede en ocasiones conducir a errores. Las arcadas dentarias definen características propias en cada individuo, por lo cual la medicina forense debe considerar muy en serio la ficha dental en la identificación humana. Para que el proceso de identificación por los dientes sea efectivo, es necesaria una buena documentación del tratamiento realizado en cada paciente. Además de las anotaciones ejecutadas por el odontólogo, otro recurso de gran valor es la toma radiográfica. El objetivo de este trabajo es Proponer un Modelo Estandarizado de ficha dental como Herramienta de la identificación Humana en Medicina forense y su difusión en Consultorios privados y Departamentos Médico Legales del país. La metodología que se utilizó para este trabajo investigativo correspondió básicamente a un estudio de tesis con el planteamiento de hipótesis en la modalidad de investigación cuasi-experimental. Este proceso de estudio tiene investigación de campo, bibliográfica y una propuesta de intervención. El trabajo de tesis se fundamentó en el estudio bibliográfico y documental del tema. Esta investigación es de tipo descriptivo, la misma que obedece a un diseño no experimental. Los Resultados esperados radican en el desarrollo de un adecuado manejo de los casos para una correcta identificación humana.
Human identification is a process that brings together the most diverse areas of knowledge. Countries such as Cuba, Peru and Argentina have made human identification through dental record with successful results. The dentigram or odontogram is essentially a working document that is usually included in the dental history, by which the dentist recorded by symbols treatments and conditions present in a patient's teeth. This diagram is the most universally diffused record used by dentists. Unfortunately, it has not adopted a unique system of representation and this can sometimes lead to errors. The dental arches define characteristics in each individual therefore forensics should consider seriously the dental record in human identification. For the process of identification by the teeth to be effective, a good documentation of treatment in each patient is needed. In addition to the notes executed by the dentist, another valuable resource is making film. The objective of this paper is to propose a standardized model of dental record as a tool of forensic human identification and to disseminate it in private and Legal Medical Departments across the country. The methodology used for this research work basically corresponds to thesis with the presentation of hypotheses in the form of quasi-experimental research. This study process has field research, literature and a proposal for intervention. The thesis is based on the literature review and documentary subject. This research is a descriptive, it will obey a nonexperimental design, expected outputs lie in the development of proper case management to prevent them go unpunished.
Human identification is a process that brings together the most diverse areas of knowledge. Countries such as Cuba, Peru and Argentina have made human identification through dental record with successful results. The dentigram or odontogram is essentially a working document that is usually included in the dental history, by which the dentist recorded by symbols treatments and conditions present in a patient's teeth. This diagram is the most universally diffused record used by dentists. Unfortunately, it has not adopted a unique system of representation and this can sometimes lead to errors. The dental arches define characteristics in each individual therefore forensics should consider seriously the dental record in human identification. For the process of identification by the teeth to be effective, a good documentation of treatment in each patient is needed. In addition to the notes executed by the dentist, another valuable resource is making film. The objective of this paper is to propose a standardized model of dental record as a tool of forensic human identification and to disseminate it in private and Legal Medical Departments across the country. The methodology used for this research work basically corresponds to thesis with the presentation of hypotheses in the form of quasi-experimental research. This study process has field research, literature and a proposal for intervention. The thesis is based on the literature review and documentary subject. This research is a descriptive, it will obey a nonexperimental design, expected outputs lie in the development of proper case management to prevent them go unpunished.
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Registros médicos, Dentigrama, Medicina oral, Antropología forense, Epidemiología descriptiva, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador