Diseño de un programa preventivo a la exposición de riesgo químico tomando como indicador los niveles de colinesteraza en sangre al personal de planta de una fábrica de plástico de banano, provincia de El Oro en el 1er semestre del año 2015.
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2015-09-10
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad, Higiene Industrial y Salud Ocupacional.
Resumen
El objetivo de la presente investigación es Identificar la exposición de riesgo químico tomando como indicador los niveles de colinesteraza en sangre a23 trabajadoresde planta de una fábrica de plástico de banano, Provincia deEl Oro en el 1er semestre del año 2015, con una investigacióndescriptiva de corte transversal, con encuesta. Para la determinación de colinesteraza se realizaran mediciones de la actividad de esta enzima en sangre total y de pruebas hepáticas. El análisis de datos fuede comprobación de hipótesis, mediante la aplicación dela Prueba de Chi –cuadrado. Los resultadosindican que, el químicoal que los trabajadores estánexpuestos es el pesticida Clorpirifos al 1%, concontacto directoe indirectode los trabajadores, el tiempo de exposición, el 43.5% más de 6 años sin que refieran presentar sintomatología.En el primer control de colinesteraza, 17 trabajadorespresentaron valores dentro del rango considerado como normal. En el segundo control 19 trabajadores estuvierondentro de la normalidad.En lo referente a TGO, 95.7% están en el rango normal. Por otro lado laTGP, resulto que el 82.6% están en el rango normal, fosfatasa alcalina, el 95.7% de los trabajadores están en el rango normal, son de 21 a 30 años de edad con el 34.8%, entre 41 a 50 años de edad asciende al 30.4%, el 95.7% son de sexo masculino, el 21.7% son perforadores, 17.4% son ayudante de sellado y extensor, proceden de Machala y el resto de otros cantones de la provincia como son El Guabo, Pasaje y Santa Rosa.Se descarta la hipótesis de que tanto el tiempo de exposición y laedad sean las causas de disminución de colinesteraza, mientras que la ocupación, de acuerdo al análisis estadístico cuadrado si tiene relación con este problema. sin embargo el valor de p (nivel de confianza), invalida la hipótesis, comprobándose la hipótesis alterna que el tiempo de exposición de los trabajadores de la fábrica de plástico de banano al producto químico, no aumenta el riesgo de que los resultados de las pruebas hepáticas resulten alteradas.
The objective of this research is to identify chemical risk exposure as an indicator taking cholinesterase levels in blood in 23 plant workers a plastics factory banana, Province of El Oro in the 1st half of 2015, with an investigation descriptive cross-sectional survey with. For determining cholinesterase activity measurements of this enzyme in whole blood and liver tests were made. Data analysis was to test hypotheses, by applying the chi -square. The results indicate that the chemical to which workers are exposed is the pesticide chlorpyrifos 1% direct and indirect contact with workers, exposure time, 43.5% more than six years without presenting symptoms relate. In the first control cholinesterase, 17 workers had values within the range considered normal. In the second control 19 workers were within normal limits. Regarding TGO, 95.7% are in the normal range. On the other hand the TGP, it turned out that 82.6% are in the normal range, alkaline phosphatase, 95.7% of workers are in the normal range, are 21-30 years old to 34.8% between 41 to 50 years aged amounted to 30.4%, 95.7% were male, 21.7% are boring, 17.4% are assistant sealing and extensor come from Machala and the rest from other counties in the province such as El Guabo, Pasaje and Santa Pink. Thus the hypothesis that exposure time is discarded and age are the causes of decreased cholinesterase, while employment according to statistical analysis chi square if you have regarding this problem. however the value of p (confidence level) invalidates the hypothesis, are checked for alternative hypothesis that the exposure time of workers in the factory plastic banana to chemical, does not increase the risk that the results of liver tests result altered.
The objective of this research is to identify chemical risk exposure as an indicator taking cholinesterase levels in blood in 23 plant workers a plastics factory banana, Province of El Oro in the 1st half of 2015, with an investigation descriptive cross-sectional survey with. For determining cholinesterase activity measurements of this enzyme in whole blood and liver tests were made. Data analysis was to test hypotheses, by applying the chi -square. The results indicate that the chemical to which workers are exposed is the pesticide chlorpyrifos 1% direct and indirect contact with workers, exposure time, 43.5% more than six years without presenting symptoms relate. In the first control cholinesterase, 17 workers had values within the range considered normal. In the second control 19 workers were within normal limits. Regarding TGO, 95.7% are in the normal range. On the other hand the TGP, it turned out that 82.6% are in the normal range, alkaline phosphatase, 95.7% of workers are in the normal range, are 21-30 years old to 34.8% between 41 to 50 years aged amounted to 30.4%, 95.7% were male, 21.7% are boring, 17.4% are assistant sealing and extensor come from Machala and the rest from other counties in the province such as El Guabo, Pasaje and Santa Pink. Thus the hypothesis that exposure time is discarded and age are the causes of decreased cholinesterase, while employment according to statistical analysis chi square if you have regarding this problem. however the value of p (confidence level) invalidates the hypothesis, are checked for alternative hypothesis that the exposure time of workers in the factory plastic banana to chemical, does not increase the risk that the results of liver tests result altered.
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SEGURIDAD, HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL Y SALUD OCUPACIONAL, RIESGOS QUÍMICOS, COLINESTERAZA EN SANGRE, PLÁSTICO DE BANANO