Análisis de riesgos en las operaciones civiles y de metalmecánica en INSILIM S.A.
Fecha
2011-09-02
Autores
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial.
Resumen
El objetivo de la presente tesis de grado es: Realizar un estudio para
priorizar los principales riesgos en las operaciones civiles y
metalmecánica, para la elaboración de una propuesta técnica, bajo la
aplicación de métodos de Seguridad, Higiene y Salud del Trabajo. Para
diagnosticar la situación actual de la empresa, se ha analizado los
diversos factores de riesgos presentes en las operaciones, para lo cual se
ha evaluado el Sistema de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional, utilizando
herramientas de diagnóstico, como el Panorama de Riesgos bajo método
FINE, diagramas de Ishikawa y Pareto, además de la aplicación del
Método de Gretener, con los cuales se detectó los principales problemas,
que conciernen a riesgos físicos, mecánicos, ergonómicos y eléctricos, por
las deficiencias de mantenimiento de los equipos de izado, las malas
posturas que adoptan los trabajadores del sector de la construcción
durante la ejecución de las obras civiles, así como por la ausencia de
equipos y estrategias para mitigar y prevenir incendios, trayendo como
consecuencia un índice de 113 días perdidos por accidentes durante el
año 2010, que generaron pérdidas anuales por $6.689,60. La propuesta
para enfrentar los problemas se refiere a la aplicación del programa de
Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional, que contemple la aplicación de
metodologías seguras, como es el caso de las inspecciones planeadas, la
investigación de accidentes, adquisición de guinches, poleas, carros
transportadores, extractores de polvos de cemento, equipos de protección
personal respiratorio adecuado para minimizar riesgos físicos, además de
la ejecución de un programa de formación y capacitación en materia de
Seguridad y Salud Laboral. El costo de las soluciones asciende a
$8.234,90 anuales, con inversión fija de $4.138,90, que será recuperada
en 1 año y medio, generando una Tasa Interna de Retorno de 66% y Valor
Actual Neto de $16.484,26, lo que demuestra su factibilidad técnica –
económica.
The objective of this thesis is to conduct a study prioritize the key risks in civil operations and metalworking, to prepare a technical proposal under the application methods, Safety and Occupational Health. For diagnose the current situation of the company, has analyzed the various risk factors present in the operations for which System has evaluated the Occupational Safety and Health, using diagnostic tools such as the Risk Panorama method FINE, Ishikawa and Pareto charts, in addition to the application of Gretener method, with which the main problems were detected, concerning physical, mechanical, electrical and ergonomic risks, deficiencies in maintenance of lifting equipment, poor adopt positions that workers in the construction sector during the execution of civil works, as well as by the absence of equipment and strategies to mitigate and prevent fires, bringing as Consequently an index of 113 days lost to accidents during 2010, generating annual losses by $ 6,689.60. The proposal to address problems concerning the implementation of the program Occupational Safety and Health, which provides for the application of secure methodologies, such as the planned inspection, the accident investigation, acquisition of winches, pulleys, wagons conveyors, cement dust extractors, protective equipment suitable respiratory staff to minimize physical risks, in addition to implementation of a training program and training in Occupational Safety and Health. The cost amounts to solutions $ 8,234.90 per year, $ 4,138.90 fixed investment, which will be recovered 1 year and a half, generating an internal rate of return of 66% and Value Actual Net of $ 16,484.26, demonstrating technical feasibility - economical.
The objective of this thesis is to conduct a study prioritize the key risks in civil operations and metalworking, to prepare a technical proposal under the application methods, Safety and Occupational Health. For diagnose the current situation of the company, has analyzed the various risk factors present in the operations for which System has evaluated the Occupational Safety and Health, using diagnostic tools such as the Risk Panorama method FINE, Ishikawa and Pareto charts, in addition to the application of Gretener method, with which the main problems were detected, concerning physical, mechanical, electrical and ergonomic risks, deficiencies in maintenance of lifting equipment, poor adopt positions that workers in the construction sector during the execution of civil works, as well as by the absence of equipment and strategies to mitigate and prevent fires, bringing as Consequently an index of 113 days lost to accidents during 2010, generating annual losses by $ 6,689.60. The proposal to address problems concerning the implementation of the program Occupational Safety and Health, which provides for the application of secure methodologies, such as the planned inspection, the accident investigation, acquisition of winches, pulleys, wagons conveyors, cement dust extractors, protective equipment suitable respiratory staff to minimize physical risks, in addition to implementation of a training program and training in Occupational Safety and Health. The cost amounts to solutions $ 8,234.90 per year, $ 4,138.90 fixed investment, which will be recovered 1 year and a half, generating an internal rate of return of 66% and Value Actual Net of $ 16,484.26, demonstrating technical feasibility - economical.
Descripción
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Palabras clave
SEGURIDAD, HIGIENE Y SALUD DEL TRABAJO, RIESGOS, OPERACIONES CIVILES, METALMECÁNICA