Riesgo obstétrico y perinatal en adolescentes embarazadas, plan preventivo
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Determinar los riesgos obstétricos y perinatales en el embarazo en adolescentes que asisten al Hospital Oswaldo Jervis Alarcón, Salitre, desde enero a junio del 2016, mediante un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo observacional, descriptivo e inferencial y corte transversal, con una muestra de 127 adolescentes. De total de la muestra, con un rango de edad de 15 a 19 años ocuparon un porcentaje de 78%, con nivel de instrucción educativa secundaria con un 66,9%. Los principales riesgos obstétricos en las adolescentes gestantes están control materno inadecuado con un mínimo de 4 controles (40,2%), número de hijos (63%,), periodo intergenésico corto (60,6%), consumo de drogas con 26,8%, con un valor p= 0,273, siendo significativo con la edad materna: la hipertensión arterial con un 11,8% del total de las pacientes, manteniendo la tendencia de las mayores de 15 años con mayor prevalencia. bajo estado nutricional de las adolescentes gestantes (55,9%). El 14,2% presentó ruptura de temprana de membrana en la mayoría de las adolescentes mayores de 15 años. No se hallaron significancia estadística. La amenaza de parto prematuro se manifestó en un 15%, siendo las más afectadas las adolescentes mayores 15 años. Si se encontró significancia estadística entre el amenaza de parto prematuro y la edad materna, con un valor de p=0.012; y la inmadurez pélvica con un 23%. Entre los principales riesgos perinatales más frecuentes en las adolescentes gestantes fueron sufrimiento fetal se hallaron un 10,2% casos. La prematurez alcanzó los 27,6% de incidencia en las adolescentes, con mayor presencia en las adolescentes mayores a 15 años. Si se encontró significancia estadística entre el parto prematuro y la edad materna, con un valor de p=0.092, el 6,3% de los neonatos presentó alguna infección neonatal, no se conservan registro de la patología presentadas, sí se encontró significancia estadística entre el infecciones neonatales y la edad materna, con un valor de p=0.004.
To determine the obstetric and perinatal risks of pregnancy in adolescents attending Oswaldo Jervis Alarcón Hospital, Salitre, from January to June, 2016, through a quantitative, observational, descriptive and inferential, cross-sectional study with a sample of 127 adolescents. Of the total of the sample, with a range of age of 15 to 19 years occupied a percentage of 78%, with secondary education level with 66.9%. The main obstetric risks in pregnant adolescents are inadequate maternal control with a minimum of 4 controls (40.2%), number of children (63%), short intergenic period (60.6%), drug use with 26, 8%, with a value of p = 0.273, being significant with maternal age: arterial hypertension with 11.8% of the total of patients, maintaining the tendency of those older than 15 years with higher prevalence. Under nutritional status of pregnant adolescents (55.9%). 14.2% had early membrane rupture in the majority of adolescents older than 15 years. No statistical significance was found. The threat of preterm birth was manifested by 15%, being the most affected the older adolescents 15 years. If statistical significance was found between the threat of preterm birth and maternal age, with a value of p = 0.012; And pelvic immaturity with 23%. Among the most frequent perinatal risks in the pregnant adolescents were fetal distress were 10.2% cases. Prematurity reached a 27.6% incidence in adolescents, with a greater presence in adolescents older than 15 years. If statistical significance was found between preterm birth and maternal age, with a value of p = 0.092, 6.3% of the neonates had any neonatal infection, there were no records of the disease presented, if statistical significance was found between Neonatal infections and maternal age, with a value of p = 0.004.
To determine the obstetric and perinatal risks of pregnancy in adolescents attending Oswaldo Jervis Alarcón Hospital, Salitre, from January to June, 2016, through a quantitative, observational, descriptive and inferential, cross-sectional study with a sample of 127 adolescents. Of the total of the sample, with a range of age of 15 to 19 years occupied a percentage of 78%, with secondary education level with 66.9%. The main obstetric risks in pregnant adolescents are inadequate maternal control with a minimum of 4 controls (40.2%), number of children (63%), short intergenic period (60.6%), drug use with 26, 8%, with a value of p = 0.273, being significant with maternal age: arterial hypertension with 11.8% of the total of patients, maintaining the tendency of those older than 15 years with higher prevalence. Under nutritional status of pregnant adolescents (55.9%). 14.2% had early membrane rupture in the majority of adolescents older than 15 years. No statistical significance was found. The threat of preterm birth was manifested by 15%, being the most affected the older adolescents 15 years. If statistical significance was found between the threat of preterm birth and maternal age, with a value of p = 0.012; And pelvic immaturity with 23%. Among the most frequent perinatal risks in the pregnant adolescents were fetal distress were 10.2% cases. Prematurity reached a 27.6% incidence in adolescents, with a greater presence in adolescents older than 15 years. If statistical significance was found between preterm birth and maternal age, with a value of p = 0.092, 6.3% of the neonates had any neonatal infection, there were no records of the disease presented, if statistical significance was found between Neonatal infections and maternal age, with a value of p = 0.004.
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Embarazo en adolescencia, Riesgos obstétricos, Riesgos perinatales, Medicina preventiva, Hospital Dr. Oswaldo Jervis Alarcón, Cantón Salitre, Ecuador