Anemia en adolescentes embarazadas factores de riesgo
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Antecedentes: En nuestro país los factores de riesgo de anemia en adolescentes embarazadas no están bien definidos. Objetivo es determinar los factores de riesgo relacionados con la anemia en adolescentes embarazadas. Metodología: Mediante un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y retrospectivo, donde el universo y muestra lo constituyen las embarazadas adolescentes que acudieron a control prenatal en el Hospital Matilde Hidalgo de Procel durante los meses de abril - agosto del 2016, la muestra la conformaron las pacientes que presentaron anemia entre 10 a 19 años de edad seleccionadas bajo criterios de inclusión y de exclusión. Se toma la información de la historia clínica perinatal que reposa en el Departamento de Estadística del HMHP. Resultados. De las119 gestantes analizadas la media armónica de la hemoglobina fue 10.11, hematocrito 30.61; VCM 75.24 y la HCM de 26.55 lo que correspondería en forma general a una anemia microcitica hipocrómica leve. Sin embargo las gestantes de 16 y 19 años presentaron una anemia microcitica hipocrómica moderada. La mayoría de ellas tenían más de 16 años de edad (90.76%), eran de raza mestiza (89.08%), tenían un nivel de estudios secundarios (80.67%), residían en área urbano marginal (99.16%) Eran primigestas 94 pacientes (78.99%), en su mayoría cursaban el tercer trimestre de gestación (79.83). Conclusión: Se concluye que los factores socioculturales y biológicos analizados en este estudio no tienen significancia estadística con un valor de “p” mayor de 0.05 en relación con la anemia, entre de ellos, la edad y la educación fueron las variables más importantes.
Background: In our country, the risk factors for anemia in pregnant adolescents is not well defined. Objective: To determine the anemia in pregnant adolescents and their relationship with socio-economic and cultural factors, gestational age, parity and menarche. Methodology: Using a quantitative, cross sectional and retrospective study, being the universe pregnant adolescents attending prenatal care at the Matilde Hidalgo de Procel Hospital during the months of April to August 2016, the sample was composed of those who presented anemia and perinatal clinical history information of the Ministry of Public Health is taken; patients aged 10 19 years old were included and selected under inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Of the 119 pregnant women analyzed, the mean hemoglobin was 10.11, hematocrit 30.61; VCM 75.24 and HCM of 26.55, which would correspond generally to mild hypochromic microcytic anemia. However, the 16- and 19-year-old women had moderate hypochromic microcyst anemia. The majority of them were over 16 years of age (90.76%), were mestizo (89.08%), had a secondary education (80.67%), lived in marginal urban area (99.16%). 78.99%), most of them were in the third trimester of gestation (79.83). Conclusion: It is concluded that the sociocultural and biological factors analyzed in this study don’t have statistical significance with a "p" value over 0.05 in relation to anemia, as age and education were the most important variables.
Background: In our country, the risk factors for anemia in pregnant adolescents is not well defined. Objective: To determine the anemia in pregnant adolescents and their relationship with socio-economic and cultural factors, gestational age, parity and menarche. Methodology: Using a quantitative, cross sectional and retrospective study, being the universe pregnant adolescents attending prenatal care at the Matilde Hidalgo de Procel Hospital during the months of April to August 2016, the sample was composed of those who presented anemia and perinatal clinical history information of the Ministry of Public Health is taken; patients aged 10 19 years old were included and selected under inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Of the 119 pregnant women analyzed, the mean hemoglobin was 10.11, hematocrit 30.61; VCM 75.24 and HCM of 26.55, which would correspond generally to mild hypochromic microcytic anemia. However, the 16- and 19-year-old women had moderate hypochromic microcyst anemia. The majority of them were over 16 years of age (90.76%), were mestizo (89.08%), had a secondary education (80.67%), lived in marginal urban area (99.16%). 78.99%), most of them were in the third trimester of gestation (79.83). Conclusion: It is concluded that the sociocultural and biological factors analyzed in this study don’t have statistical significance with a "p" value over 0.05 in relation to anemia, as age and education were the most important variables.
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Embarazo en adolescencia, Anemia, Factores de riesgo, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital Materno Infantil Dra. Matilde Hidalgo de Procel, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador