Estudio comparativo de cinco niveles de nitrógeno usando dos fuentes de fertilizantes nitrogenados en maíz (Zea mayz L.)
Fecha
2014
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Universidad de Guayaquil Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias
Resumen
Esta investigación se la efectuó en la época seca del 2013, en la finca de propiedad del señor Geovanny Vargas, ubicada en el recinto
Vainillo del cantón El Triunfo, provincia del Guayas. Los objetivos planteados fueron: 1) determinar la dosis óptima de nitrógeno usando dos fuentes de fertilizantes en el cultivo de maíz. 2) Evaluar el comportamiento agronómico de los tratamientos; y, 3) realizar el análisis económico de los tratamientos en estudio. Los factores estudiados fueron: dos fuentes de nitrógeno con diferentes dosis (40-80-120-160-200 kg N/ha de urea), (40-80-120-160-200 kg N/ha de sulfato). Se utilizó el diseño bloques
completamente al azar con arreglo grupal; se midieron variablesagronómicas y se realizó el análisis de presupuesto parcial, con la
finalidad de medir la factibilidad económica del uso de estos productos.
Las variables fueron muy similares, a excepción del peso de 100
semillas y altura de planta, en el grupo de sulfato de amonio. En el grupo uno las aplicaciones de urea desde 80 kg N/ha hasta 200kg N/ha de urea dieron valores más altos, en comparación con el testigo absoluto, con 160 Kg N/ha usado como fuente sulfato de
amonio. Los mejores tratamientos de fertilización nitrogenados fueron los de
aplicación con urea, en relación con los tratamientos a base de sulfato
de amonio. En rendimiento, en las dos fuentes usadas de fertilización (urea y sulfato de amonio) fueron iguales, a diferencia del testigo absoluto que presentó menores rendimientos. Los mejores tratamientos de fertilización fueron los de aplicación de
urea, en relación a los de aplicación de sulfato de amonio. El análisis de regresión tiene una tendencia de aumento de
rendimiento a medida que se incrementan las dosis de fertilizantes nitrogenados, usando las fuentes urea y sulfato de amonio.
De acuerdo con el análisis del tejido foliar, se mostraron valores de nitrógeno heterogéneos no concordantes en su concentración con las dosis de nitrógeno aplicadas.
This research was conducted in the dry season of 2013 on the farm owned by Lord Geovanny Vargas , located in the grounds of the Canton Vainillo, Triumph province of Guayas. The objectives were: 1)to determine the optimal dose of nitrogen using two sources of fertilizer on maize crop. 2) Evaluate the agronomic performance of the treatments. 3) Economic analysis of the treatments under study. The factors studied were two sources with different doses of nitrogen (urea 40-80-120-160-200 kg N/ha), (40-80-120-160-200 kg N/ha sulphate), block design was used azarcon completely under group; agronomic variables were measured and partial budget analysis was performed with the aim of measuring the economic feasibility of using these products. The variables were very similar except for 100 seed weight and plant height in the group of ammonium sulfate. In group one urea applications from 80 kg N / ha to 200 kg N / ha urea gave higher values compared with the absolute control, with 160 kg N / ha used as a source of ammonium sulfate. The best treatments were those of nitrogen fertilizer application in relation urea treatments using ammonium sulfate. In performance in the two sources used urea fertilizer and ammonium sulphate were equal to the absolute control difference which had lower yields. The best treatments were fertilizer of urea in relation to the application of ammonium sulfate. Regression analysis has a tendency to increase performance as the dose is increased nitrogen fertilizer sources using urea and ammonium sulfate. According to the analysis of leaf tissue showed heterogeneous values not consistent in their nitrogen concentration of applied nitrogen doses.
This research was conducted in the dry season of 2013 on the farm owned by Lord Geovanny Vargas , located in the grounds of the Canton Vainillo, Triumph province of Guayas. The objectives were: 1)to determine the optimal dose of nitrogen using two sources of fertilizer on maize crop. 2) Evaluate the agronomic performance of the treatments. 3) Economic analysis of the treatments under study. The factors studied were two sources with different doses of nitrogen (urea 40-80-120-160-200 kg N/ha), (40-80-120-160-200 kg N/ha sulphate), block design was used azarcon completely under group; agronomic variables were measured and partial budget analysis was performed with the aim of measuring the economic feasibility of using these products. The variables were very similar except for 100 seed weight and plant height in the group of ammonium sulfate. In group one urea applications from 80 kg N / ha to 200 kg N / ha urea gave higher values compared with the absolute control, with 160 kg N / ha used as a source of ammonium sulfate. The best treatments were those of nitrogen fertilizer application in relation urea treatments using ammonium sulfate. In performance in the two sources used urea fertilizer and ammonium sulphate were equal to the absolute control difference which had lower yields. The best treatments were fertilizer of urea in relation to the application of ammonium sulfate. Regression analysis has a tendency to increase performance as the dose is increased nitrogen fertilizer sources using urea and ammonium sulfate. According to the analysis of leaf tissue showed heterogeneous values not consistent in their nitrogen concentration of applied nitrogen doses.
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FERTILIZANTES NITROGENADOS, CULTIVO, RENDIMIENTO