Prevalencia de infecciones respiratorias superiores en niños menores de 5 años. Centro Materno Infantil de Bastión Popular y propuesta de un programa educativo. Marzo a octubre 2012
Fecha
2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Las infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA) se destacan como un gran problema de salud debido a la alta morbimortalidad en niños menores de 5 años. Dentro del Centro Materno Infantil de Bastión Popular, en el servicio de consulta externa pediátrica se atienden aproximadamente 90 niños al día, por lo que se consideró importante investigar la prevalencia de estas enfermedades en estos pacientes pues son quienes más se ven afectados por un diagnostico inoportuno y un tratamiento no adecuado, presentando un sin número de complicaciones, que deterioran la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo mediante la revisión de historias clínicas de todos los pacientes menores de 5 años que presentaron como diagnóstico Infección Respiratoria Superior para poder clasificarlos por rango de edad y sexo. Se excluyeron todos los pacientes con otro diagnóstico asociado. El Centro Materno Infantil de Bastión Popular cuenta con un departamento de estadística que proporcionó toda la información necesaria para el presente estudio. Dentro de la investigación se determinó que teniendo en cuenta que la población infantil menor a 5 años asignada en el subcentro es de 8203 habitantes, se presentaron 6317 casos diagnosticados como IRAS y de esos pacientes se tomó de forma aleatoria las encuestas a 1600, padres y/o cuidadores de los menores. Se identificaron los principales diagnósticos dentro de este grupo de enfermedades, ubicándose la Rinofaringitis (51%) como el diagnóstico más frecuente, seguido por la Faringoamigdalitis con un 42% y se determinó que por edad la población más afectada fue el grupo de entre 1 y 5 años. Los resultados de la encuesta realizada nos permitió detectar los principales problemas de salud en las viviendas del sector, el hacinamiento, las condiciones de ventilación,el manejo de las enfermedades por parte del cuidador primario, el cumplimiento del esquema de vacunación, el tipo de construcción de la vivienda, la presencia de animales intradomiciliarios, el tipo de alimentación, lo que nos dió las pautas para plantear una propuesta educativa para las madres que acuden al CMI de Bastión Popular, lo que devengará en un mejor manejo de estas patologías y que disminuyan las complicaciones de las mismas.
The upper respiratory tract infections are considered as a major health problem due to the high morbidity and mortality associated in children under 5 years old. Inside the Centro Materno Infantil of Bastión Popular, in the service of Pediatric Ambulatory Consults, approximately 90 kids are attended per day, which is why it was considered important to investigate the prevalence of this diseases in young patients, because they are the most affected when there isn´t an opportune diagnosis or an adequate treatment, presenting a lot of complications, that deteriorate their quality of life. The study realized is descriptive retrospective, through the analysis of the clinical charts of every patient under 5 years that presented as a confirmed diagnosis Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, in order to classify them by age and gender. Every patient with other diagnosis was excluded. The Centro Materno Infantil of Bastión Popular counts with a Statistics Department with all the information needed for this study. During this investigation, it was determined that the population under 5 years old assigned to the Center is 8203 kids. 6317 were diagnosed as Upper Tract Respiratory Infections and in this group of patients we realized the interview to 1600 parents or care givers. The principal diagnoses were identified in this group of diseases, being the Rhinopharyngitis (51%), the most frequent diagnose, followed by the Pharyngoamygdalitis with the 42% and it was determined that the most affected population was the group between 1 and 5 years old. The results from the poll, allow us to detect the major health problems in the area, such as ventilation conditions, type of construction, animals in the house, nursing habits, which helped us to create an educational strategy for all the parents that bring their kids to the CMI of Bastión Popular, which will develop a better treatment for this pathologies, and to decrease the complications that are frequent in this conditions.
The upper respiratory tract infections are considered as a major health problem due to the high morbidity and mortality associated in children under 5 years old. Inside the Centro Materno Infantil of Bastión Popular, in the service of Pediatric Ambulatory Consults, approximately 90 kids are attended per day, which is why it was considered important to investigate the prevalence of this diseases in young patients, because they are the most affected when there isn´t an opportune diagnosis or an adequate treatment, presenting a lot of complications, that deteriorate their quality of life. The study realized is descriptive retrospective, through the analysis of the clinical charts of every patient under 5 years that presented as a confirmed diagnosis Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, in order to classify them by age and gender. Every patient with other diagnosis was excluded. The Centro Materno Infantil of Bastión Popular counts with a Statistics Department with all the information needed for this study. During this investigation, it was determined that the population under 5 years old assigned to the Center is 8203 kids. 6317 were diagnosed as Upper Tract Respiratory Infections and in this group of patients we realized the interview to 1600 parents or care givers. The principal diagnoses were identified in this group of diseases, being the Rhinopharyngitis (51%), the most frequent diagnose, followed by the Pharyngoamygdalitis with the 42% and it was determined that the most affected population was the group between 1 and 5 years old. The results from the poll, allow us to detect the major health problems in the area, such as ventilation conditions, type of construction, animals in the house, nursing habits, which helped us to create an educational strategy for all the parents that bring their kids to the CMI of Bastión Popular, which will develop a better treatment for this pathologies, and to decrease the complications that are frequent in this conditions.
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PEDIATRIA, INFECCIONES DEL SISTEMA RESPIRATORIO, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS, PROGRAMAS EDUCATIVOS, CENTRO MATERNO INFANTIL DE BASTIOS POPULAR, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR