Factores de riesgo y complicaciones de prematuros extremos
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2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La prematurez extrema presenta una alta contribución a la morbimortalidad neonatal, presentando muy elevados los índices de mortalidad y complicaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo, establecer los factores de riesgo y complicaciones de los prematuros extremos en el Hospital Enrique C. Sotomayor en el primer semestre del 2016, identificar la relación que existe entre las complicaciones y el peso en gramos en los diferentes grupos, también analizar según el género, cual es el grupo más vulnerable. Se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo, de corte transversal donde se analizaron los factores de riesgo materno y las patologías más frecuentes. Se incluyeron a todos los prematuros extremos que comprende a todos los neonatos menores de 1000 gr nacidos en el periodo de enero a junio del 2016 en el Se pudo observar, que de los115 pacientes estudiados la mayoría tuvo un peso entre 900 a 999gr, representando el 46.1% de. En cuanto a las semanas de gestación se determinó que 39.1% se encuentran entre 28 a más semanas de gestación. Entre las complicaciones que presentaron están la Dificultad respiratoria y Hemorragia intraventricular en el total de los casos. Le sigue la enfermedad Hialina con el 87% de los casos, Apnea, con un 54.8 % de los casos, seguido de Displasia broncopulmonar con el 43% Sepsis tardía con el 31.3%, Neumonía un 28%. La relación entre el peso y la Apnea en un 26.9% de los casos. La relación del peso con Bronconeumonía fue de 10.43%. Resultados: Se determinó que a menor peso y menor edad gestacional, disminuye tasa de supervivencia. Conclusión: Se determinó que el peso del nacimiento y la edad gestacional tuvieron relación directa con la morbimortalidad infantil.
Extreme prematurity has a high contribution to neonatal morbidity and mortality, showing very high rates of mortality and complications. The objective of this work, establish risk factors and complications of premature end in the Enrique C. Sotomayor Hospital in the first half of 2016, identifying the relationship between complications and weight in grams in the different groups, also analyzed by gender, which is the most vulnerable group. a quantitative study, cross-sectional where maternal risk factors and the most frequent pathologies were analyzed developed. We included all extremely premature comprising all infants less than 1000 g born in the period from January to June 2016 in could be observed, that los115 patients studied most had a weight between 900 to 999gr, representing 46.1% of. As the weeks of gestation was determined that 39.1% are between 28 more weeks of gestation. Among the complications they are presented respiratory distress and intraventricular hemorrhage in total cases. Followed by the Hialina disease with 87% of cases, Apnea, with 54.8% of cases, followed by bronchopulmonary dysplasia with 43% late with 31.3% Sepsis, Pneumonia 28%. The relationship between weight and apnea in 26.9% of cases. The weight ratio was 10.43% bronchopneumonia. Results: It was determined that the lower weight and gestational age, survival rate decreases. Conclusion: It was determined that the birth weight and gestational age were directly related to infant mortality.
Extreme prematurity has a high contribution to neonatal morbidity and mortality, showing very high rates of mortality and complications. The objective of this work, establish risk factors and complications of premature end in the Enrique C. Sotomayor Hospital in the first half of 2016, identifying the relationship between complications and weight in grams in the different groups, also analyzed by gender, which is the most vulnerable group. a quantitative study, cross-sectional where maternal risk factors and the most frequent pathologies were analyzed developed. We included all extremely premature comprising all infants less than 1000 g born in the period from January to June 2016 in could be observed, that los115 patients studied most had a weight between 900 to 999gr, representing 46.1% of. As the weeks of gestation was determined that 39.1% are between 28 more weeks of gestation. Among the complications they are presented respiratory distress and intraventricular hemorrhage in total cases. Followed by the Hialina disease with 87% of cases, Apnea, with 54.8% of cases, followed by bronchopulmonary dysplasia with 43% late with 31.3% Sepsis, Pneumonia 28%. The relationship between weight and apnea in 26.9% of cases. The weight ratio was 10.43% bronchopneumonia. Results: It was determined that the lower weight and gestational age, survival rate decreases. Conclusion: It was determined that the birth weight and gestational age were directly related to infant mortality.
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PREMATURO, RECIEN NACIDO DE BAJO PESO, INDICADORES DE MORBIMORTALIDAD, PEDIATRIA, HOSPITAL GINECO OBSTETRICO ENRIQUE C. SOTOMAYOR, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR