Diseño de un sistema de prevención de riesgos eléctricos en la Unidad de Generación, Distribución y Comercialización de Energía Eléctrica de Guayaquil.

Abstract

El objetivo de la presente tesis de grado es: Implementar un sistema de prevención de los riesgos eléctricos en la Unidad de Generación, Distribución y Comercialización de Energía Eléctrica de Guayaquil, para reducir los accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades profesionales. Para diagnosticar la situación actual de la empresa, se ha analizado los diversos factores de riesgos presentes en las actividades de campo en materia de mantenimiento eléctrico de líneas de alto y bajo voltaje, así como de instalaciones eléctricas, para lo cual se ha utilizando diagramas de operaciones, flujogramas y herramientas de diagnóstico, como el Panorama de Riesgos bajo el método FINE, diagramas de Ishikawa y de Pareto, con los cuales se detectó los principales problemas que afectan a la empresa en materia de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional, que conciernen a lesiones, electrocuciones, caídas, debido a la falta de concientización del recurso humano e instalaciones defectuosas, lo que ha traído como consecuencia un índice de 800 días perdidos por accidentes y pérdidas anuales por $19.200,00 y por concepto de reclamaciones y garantías por la suma de $13.338,95. La propuesta para enfrentar los problemas se refiere a la aplicación de un programa de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional, que contenga medidas de seguridad contra riesgos eléctricos y prevención informativas, así como de metodologías seguras, como inspecciones de seguridad, investigación de accidentes, programa de formación y capacitación en la materia, adquisición de equipos de protección personal adecuados para prevenir accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades profesionales en las instalaciones eléctricas. El costo de las soluciones propuestas asciende a $22.784,44 anual, con una inversión fija inicial de $5.640,00, que será recuperada en el lapso de 30 meses, generando una Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) de 39,03% y un Valor Actual Neto (VAN) de $9.826,18, lo que demuestra la factibilidad técnica – económica de la solución planteada.

The objective of this thesis is to: Implement a system prevention of electrical hazards in Generating Unit, Distribution and Marketing of Electric Energy Guayaquil to reduce accidents and occupational diseases. for diagnose the current situation of the company, has analyzed the various risk factors present in field activities on maintenance of electrical lines high and low voltage, as well as electrical, to which has been using diagrams operations, flow charts and diagnostic tools, such as Panorama Risk under the FINE method Ishikawa diagrams and Pareto, with which the main problems that affect was detected industry regarding Occupational Safety and Health, which concern injury, electrocutions, falls, due to lack of awareness human resources and faulty installations, which has brought result index 800 days lost to accidents and losses $ 19,200.00 per year and for claims and guarantees the sum of $ 13,338.95. The proposal to address the problems refers to the implementation of an Occupational Safety and Health, containing safeguards against electrical hazards and prevention informative and safe methodologies such as inspections safety, accident investigation training program and relevant training, acquisition of personal protective equipment adequate to prevent occupational accidents and diseases Professional electrical installations. The cost of the solutions proposals amounting to $ 22,784.44 Yearly, with a fixed initial investment $ 5,640.00, to be recovered in the span of 30 months, generating a Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 39.03% and Net Present Value (NPV) $ 9,826.18, demonstrating the technical feasibility - the economic planteada.El objective of this thesis is solution: Implement a system prevention of electrical hazards in Generating Unit, Distribution and Marketing of Electric Energy Guayaquil to reduce accidents and occupational diseases. for diagnose the current situation of the company, has analyzed the various risk factors present in field activities on maintenance of electrical lines high and low voltage, as well as electrical, to which has been using diagrams operations, flow charts and diagnostic tools, such as Panorama Risk under the FINE method Ishikawa diagrams and Pareto, with which the main problems that affect was detected industry regarding Occupational Safety and Health, which concern injury, electrocutions, falls, due to lack of awareness human resources and faulty installations, which has brought result index 800 days lost to accidents and losses $ 19,200.00 per year and for claims and guarantees the sum of $ 13,338.95. The proposal to address the problems refers to the implementation of an Occupational Safety and Health, containing safeguards against electrical hazards and prevention informative and safe methodologies such as inspections safety, accident investigation training program and relevant training, acquisition of personal protective equipment adequate to prevent occupational accidents and diseases Professional electrical installations. The cost of the solutions proposals amounting to $ 22,784.44 Yearly, with a fixed initial investment $ 5,640.00, to be recovered in the span of 30 months, generating a Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 39.03% and Net Present Value (NPV) $ 9,826.18, demonstrating the technical feasibility - the economic proposed solution.