Análisis de impacto ambiental en las plantas procesadoras de productos del mar de la Empresa Salica del Ecuador S.A.
Fecha
2010-05-07
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial.
Resumen
El objetivo del estudio es: Identificar los impactos ambientales generados por las
descargas de aguas residuales por las actividades que realiza la empresa como parte de
sus procesos productivos y controlar sus impactos en la zona influencia. Para el efecto
se analiza los procesos productivos en la planta de elaboración de lomos y enlatados
de atún, para determinar el nivel de contaminación generado en dichos procesos, para
ello se toma como fuente de información de registros empresariales, donde se
presentan los indicadores de Gestión Ambiental y la observación directa de las
actividades; luego, bajo el uso de Diagrama de Ishikawa y de Pareto, se ha cualificado
y cuantificado los principales problemas, priorizándose el tema de descargas de aguas
residuales donde se detectó material particulado y elevados niveles de parámetros de
DBO (Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigeno) y pH (Potencial de Hidrogeno). Las sanciones
que esto conlleva, ascenderían a la cantidad de $.16.350,00, de no corregirse la
problemática. La propuesta para mitigar los impactos ambientales, consiste en el
tratamiento de aguas y retención de sólidos a través de la instalación de una
Depuradora de Aguas, con base en un método anaeróbico, para reducir los niveles de
DBO, grasas, aceites y pH, acorde a la legislación nacional en materia medioambiental,
además de la capacitación del recurso humano, la inversión asciende a $.121.471.00
(Inversión fija $.114.000.00 corresponde a 93.85 %, Capital de operación anual es de
$.7.471.00 un 6.15%), La inversión la recupera aproximadamente en 2 años, 1 mes y
16 días, generando $. 259.792.45 por concepto del Valor actual Neto y una tasa
Interna de Retorno del 53%, indicando factibilidad económica para aplicar la
propuesta.
The objective of the study is: Identify the environmental impacts generated by the wastewater discharges by the activities of the company as part of control their production processes and their impacts on the influence zone. For the effect production processes is analyzed in the processing plant loins and canned tuna, to determine the level of pollution generated in those processes, to it is taken as a source of information to business records, where indicators presented Environmental Management and direct observation of activities; then under diagram using Pareto Ishikawa, has qualified and quantified the main problems, prioritizing the issue of water discharges where residual particulates and high levels of detected parameters BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and pH (Potential Hydrogen). sanctions that entails, would amount to the amount of $ .16.350,00, if not corrected the problematic. The proposal to mitigate environmental impacts, is the water treatment and retention of solids through the installation of a Water treatment plant based on an anaerobic method to reduce levels of BOD, fats, oils and pH, according to the national environmental legislation, addition to the training of human resources, investment totals $ .121.471.00 ($ .114.000.00 Fixed investment corresponds to 93.85%, annual operating capital is $ .7.471.00 By 6.15%), the investment gets about 2 years and 1 month 16 days, generating $. 259.792.45 for Net Present Value concept and a rate Internal Return of 53%, indicating economic feasibility to implement the proposal.
The objective of the study is: Identify the environmental impacts generated by the wastewater discharges by the activities of the company as part of control their production processes and their impacts on the influence zone. For the effect production processes is analyzed in the processing plant loins and canned tuna, to determine the level of pollution generated in those processes, to it is taken as a source of information to business records, where indicators presented Environmental Management and direct observation of activities; then under diagram using Pareto Ishikawa, has qualified and quantified the main problems, prioritizing the issue of water discharges where residual particulates and high levels of detected parameters BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and pH (Potential Hydrogen). sanctions that entails, would amount to the amount of $ .16.350,00, if not corrected the problematic. The proposal to mitigate environmental impacts, is the water treatment and retention of solids through the installation of a Water treatment plant based on an anaerobic method to reduce levels of BOD, fats, oils and pH, according to the national environmental legislation, addition to the training of human resources, investment totals $ .121.471.00 ($ .114.000.00 Fixed investment corresponds to 93.85%, annual operating capital is $ .7.471.00 By 6.15%), the investment gets about 2 years and 1 month 16 days, generating $. 259.792.45 for Net Present Value concept and a rate Internal Return of 53%, indicating economic feasibility to implement the proposal.
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Palabras clave
SISTEMAS INTEGRADOS DE GESTIÓN, AGUAS RESIDUALES, LOMOS Y ENLATADOS DE ATÚN, PRODUCTOS ALIMENTICIOS