Control y manejo de las infecciones asociadas a la atención en el Hospital de Infectología en el período 2016-2018
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2019
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el control y manejo de las diferentes Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención en Salud en pacientes ingresados en el Hospital de Infectología. El control se referirá a estrategias y medidas regulatorias que contribuyen a la disminución de propagación y dispersión de IAAS, y manejo se desarrollará mediante vigilancia epidemiológica con los recursos de indicadores: estancia y mortalidad hospitalaria. El estudio es de tipo observacional, analítico, retrospectivo y transversal, que incluyó a 82 pacientes durante el periodo del 1 de enero del 2016 al 31 de diciembre del 2018. Se empleó estadística descriptiva e inferencial y el software de Microsoft Excel. Se halló que la tasa de mortalidad por IAAS aumenta conforme a los días de hospitalización es decir 41% de los pacientes con IAAS fallece y en promedio la estancia hospitalaria es 19.6 días en contraste a 6.1 días de pacientes sin IAAS. Es predominante en hombres 72%, es más frecuente en pacientes entre 27 a 35 años 53%, la procedencia en 74% urbana y 82% de los pacientes fueron inmunodeprimidos. Según el servicio hospitalario, la UCI es la principal fuente de IAAS con NAVM e ITS/CVC con al menos 40% de los casos totales, seguido de Emergencia y de Varones. Respecto al control las medidas más empleadas son higiene de manos y aislamiento según el paciente. Es así como se recomienda mayor atención a los factores de riesgo y al servicio de UCI como potencial medio de exposición.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the control and management of hospital acquired infections at the Infectious disease Hospital. Control refers to the strategies and regulatory measures that are presented to decrease the spread and dispersion of the HAI, and the term management is developed through epidemiological surveillance with the use of indicators: hospital stay and mortality. This study is observational, analytical, retrospective and crosssectional, which included 82 patients during the period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. Descriptive and inferential statistic and Microsoft Excel software was used. The mortality rate of HAI corresponds to the days of hospitalization, that is, 41% of patients with HAI, hospitalization is 19.6 days in contrast to 6.1 days of patients without HAIs. It is predominant in men 72%, more frequent in patients between 27 to 35 years 53%, 74% from urban residency and 82% of the patients were immunosuppressed. According to the hospital service, the ICU is the main source of HAI with VAP and ITS / CVC with less than 40% of the total cases, followed by Emergency and Men. Regarding the control of the most used measures are hygiene of hands and isolation according to the patient. This is how we recommend greater attention to risk factors and ICU service as a potential source of exposure.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the control and management of hospital acquired infections at the Infectious disease Hospital. Control refers to the strategies and regulatory measures that are presented to decrease the spread and dispersion of the HAI, and the term management is developed through epidemiological surveillance with the use of indicators: hospital stay and mortality. This study is observational, analytical, retrospective and crosssectional, which included 82 patients during the period from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. Descriptive and inferential statistic and Microsoft Excel software was used. The mortality rate of HAI corresponds to the days of hospitalization, that is, 41% of patients with HAI, hospitalization is 19.6 days in contrast to 6.1 days of patients without HAIs. It is predominant in men 72%, more frequent in patients between 27 to 35 years 53%, 74% from urban residency and 82% of the patients were immunosuppressed. According to the hospital service, the ICU is the main source of HAI with VAP and ITS / CVC with less than 40% of the total cases, followed by Emergency and Men. Regarding the control of the most used measures are hygiene of hands and isolation according to the patient. This is how we recommend greater attention to risk factors and ICU service as a potential source of exposure.
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Infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud, Vigilancia epidemiológica, Epidemiología analítica, Estudios retrospectivos, Hospital de Infectología Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Infección hospitalaria