Prevalencia de edentulismo parcial en la clínica integral de la facultad piloto de odontología
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2019-09-09
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad Piloto de Odontología
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El edentulismo está considerado como una enfermedad crónica, irreversible e incapacitante. Es producida por caries dental y enfermedad periodontal y menos por traumatismos, existiendo una relación directa entre la pérdida de dientes y la edad, afecta al sistema estomatognático, reflejándose en una alteración de la oclusión, del componente neuromuscular y muchas veces con repercusiones graves en la articulación temporomandibular. Así mismo las estructuras orales remanentes sufren modificaciones de posición y contorno e inclusive la formación de un componente anatómico nuevo. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del edentulismo parcial en la clínica integral de la facultad piloto de odontología, mediante la clasificación de Kennedy. Metodología: Estudio clínico, prospectivo, transversal, descriptivo, desarrollado en la CIAM de la FPO mediante una guía de observación clínica. La población correspondió a 80 pacientes adultos de ambos sexos que acudieron a la Clínica, entre los meses de junio y julio del 2019. En los que se contabilizó que clase de Kennedy fue la más prevalente y que género fue el más afectado por edentulismo parcial. Resultados: La mayor prevalencia de edentulismo parcial fue la clase de Kennedy tipo III en el maxilar superior con 37 pacientes equivalente al (46%) y en la mandíbula la clase de Kennedy tipo I con 17 pacientes que equivale al (21%). Y el género más afectado por edentulismo parcial fue el femenino. Conclusiones: el edentulismo parcial es un factor de riesgo, dependiendo este de la edad y a su vez por las causas principales que lo provocan como es la caries y la enfermedad periodontal, provocando la pérdida de dientes permanentes a temprana edad.
Edentulism is considered a chronic, irreversible and disabling disease. It is produced by dental cavities and periodontal disease and less by trauma. Subsequently, there is a direct relationship of the aforementioned in tooth loss and age since it affects the stomatognathic system. All of this is reflected in an alteration of occlusion, of the neuromuscular component and often with serious repercussions on temporomandibular joint. Likewise, the remaining oral structures undergo changes in position and contour and even the formation of a new anatomical component. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of partial edentulism in the integral clinic of the pilot faculty of dentistry at the University of Guayaquil by means of the Kennedy classification. The design of this study is clinical, prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive and observational. The population corresponded to 80 adult patients of both sexes during the months of June and July of 2019. In which it was recorded what kind of Kennedy was the most prevalent and which gender was the most affected by partial edentulism. Findings suggest that the highest prevalence of partial edentulism was the Kennedy class III in the upper jaw with 37 patients equivalent to (46%) and in the jaw the Kennedy class I type with 17 patients equivalent to (21%). The most affected gender was the female one. In short, the most prevalent Kennedy class was class III, followed by the most affected gender that was the female.
Edentulism is considered a chronic, irreversible and disabling disease. It is produced by dental cavities and periodontal disease and less by trauma. Subsequently, there is a direct relationship of the aforementioned in tooth loss and age since it affects the stomatognathic system. All of this is reflected in an alteration of occlusion, of the neuromuscular component and often with serious repercussions on temporomandibular joint. Likewise, the remaining oral structures undergo changes in position and contour and even the formation of a new anatomical component. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of partial edentulism in the integral clinic of the pilot faculty of dentistry at the University of Guayaquil by means of the Kennedy classification. The design of this study is clinical, prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive and observational. The population corresponded to 80 adult patients of both sexes during the months of June and July of 2019. In which it was recorded what kind of Kennedy was the most prevalent and which gender was the most affected by partial edentulism. Findings suggest that the highest prevalence of partial edentulism was the Kennedy class III in the upper jaw with 37 patients equivalent to (46%) and in the jaw the Kennedy class I type with 17 patients equivalent to (21%). The most affected gender was the female one. In short, the most prevalent Kennedy class was class III, followed by the most affected gender that was the female.
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EDENTULISMO PARCIAL, PREVALENCIA, CLASIFICACION DE KENNEDY