Perfil epidemiológico y factores de riesgo de pacientes con cáncer de mama atendidos en el Hospital Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón de enero a diciembre del 2018
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2019
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Medicina
Resumen
El Cáncer de Mamas, un mal neoplásico de impacto mundial, con gran prevalencia entre las mujeres de edad media, debida a la proliferación diseminada y anormal de los epitelios de las glándulas mamarias. La presente investigación, tiene como finalidad determinar el perfil epidemiológico y los factores de riesgo del Cáncer de Mamas en el Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón, de la ciudad de Guayaquil, durante el año 2018. Aplicando la Observación indirecta atreves de un estudio recopilatorio de las historias clínicas se lleva a cabo esta investigación analítica, correlacional, no experimental, de corte transversal y retrospectiva.
De una población de 130 pacientes estudiados, con una edad media de 41 a 60 años, que debuta en la cima de los factores de riesgo “La Nuliparidad” en un 73% de los casos. “La Mastalgia” con un 77% resulta ser la más frecuente sintomatología; siendo el “Carcinoma Ductal” el tipo predominante en un 54% y la Etapa “IIB” el estadio más frecuente, concerniente a un 56%. Se reportan resultados negativos para Receptores Hormonales en un 85% y resultados positivos para “Her2/Neu” en un 17%. La Mama Izquierda Cuadrante Superior Externo (80%) es la localización predominante. La práctica quirúrgica que impera es la “Mastectomía Radical” con el 78% de los casos. Siendo el Dolor (36%) y las Infecciones (20%) las complicaciones postquirúrgicas más frecuentes. Y, por último, las recidivas se manifiestan en un 16%.
Breast cancer, a malignant neoplasia with a global impact, with a high prevalence among middle-aged women, due to the disseminated and abnormal proliferation of the epithelia of the mammary glands. The purpose of this research is to determine the epidemiological profile and risk factors of breast cancer in the Abel Gilbert Ponton Hospital, in Guayaquil city, during the year 2018. Applying Indirect Observation, with a quantitative approach, through a compilation study of medical records is carried out this analytical, correlational, non-experimental, cross-sectional and retrospective type of investigation. From a population of 130 patients studied, with an average age of 41 – 60 years, it is evident that, and the “Nulliparity” debuts at the top of the risk factor in 73% of the cases. “Mastalgia” with a 77% turns out to be the most frequent symptomatology, being the “Ductal Carcinoma” the predominant type in a 54% and the Stage “IIB” the most frequent stage, concerning a 56%. Negative results are reported for Hormone Receptors in 85% and Positive results for Her2/Neu in 17%. The Superior External Left breast with the 80% has the highest location. The surgical practice that prevails is the “Radical Mastectomy” with 78% of cases. “Pain” (36%) and Infection (20%) represents the greatest complications. At last, the Recurrences manifest in a 16%.
Breast cancer, a malignant neoplasia with a global impact, with a high prevalence among middle-aged women, due to the disseminated and abnormal proliferation of the epithelia of the mammary glands. The purpose of this research is to determine the epidemiological profile and risk factors of breast cancer in the Abel Gilbert Ponton Hospital, in Guayaquil city, during the year 2018. Applying Indirect Observation, with a quantitative approach, through a compilation study of medical records is carried out this analytical, correlational, non-experimental, cross-sectional and retrospective type of investigation. From a population of 130 patients studied, with an average age of 41 – 60 years, it is evident that, and the “Nulliparity” debuts at the top of the risk factor in 73% of the cases. “Mastalgia” with a 77% turns out to be the most frequent symptomatology, being the “Ductal Carcinoma” the predominant type in a 54% and the Stage “IIB” the most frequent stage, concerning a 56%. Negative results are reported for Hormone Receptors in 85% and Positive results for Her2/Neu in 17%. The Superior External Left breast with the 80% has the highest location. The surgical practice that prevails is the “Radical Mastectomy” with 78% of cases. “Pain” (36%) and Infection (20%) represents the greatest complications. At last, the Recurrences manifest in a 16%.
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NEOPLASIAS DE LA MAMA, FACTORES DE RIESGO, PERFIL DE SALUD, HOSPITAL DE ESPECIALIDADES GUAYAQUIL DR. ABEL GILBERT PONTON, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR