Menopausia y su influencia en la salud sexual de mujeres de 40 a 55 años que acuden al Centro de Atención Ambulatoria del I.E.S.S. de noviembre 2008 a abril del 2009 en Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La menopausia es el cese de los periodos menstruales, y suele tener lugar entre los 40 y 55 años. Marca el final de la etapa de la vida en la que es posible la reproducción. Algunas mujeres dejan de tener su ciclo en una forma más bien súbita, pero la mayoría pasan por una etapa en la que los periodos se van haciendo irregulares. El sangramiento es también anormal, ya que se hace más escaso o más abundante que durante los años anteriores. Esta fase de irregularidad puede comenzar hasta cinco años antes de que llegue la menopausia real y tiene lugar cuando los ovarios dejan de responder a las hormonas de pituitaria, dejan de madurar óvulos y se detiene la producción de estrógeno; por lo que se planteó establecer la menopausia y su influencia en la salud sexual en las mujeres de 40 a 55 años de edad que acudieron al Centro de Atención Ambulatoria del IESS de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, de noviembre del 2008 a abril 2009. Mediante un estudio no experimental de tipo descriptivo. En la investigación se registraron 250 pacientes, la mayoría de las mujeres fueron en edades comprendidas de 40 - 45 años de edad de acuerdo a la frecuencia y el 80% tenían entre instrucción superior, secundaria completa e incompleta. Siendo su estado civil Casadas el 30%, seguida de Soltera, Viuda e Unión libre con el 20% cada estado, con 3- 4 gesta como más frecuente y tienen pareja estable el 70% de las encuestadas. Sintomatología más frecuente asociada a la menopausia se observaron dolores de espaldas y presión arterial elevada; de los síntomas psicológicos fue irritabilidad, depresión y disminución de la libido; entre los problemas genitourinarios frecuentes fueron resequedad genital, secreción vaginal y coito doloroso. Se concluye que la menopausia influye en la vida sexual de las mujeres de 40 a 55 años de edad, corroborando la hipótesis planteada en esta investigación. Se recomienda que lo más importante es tener en cuenta que la menopausia es un proceso natural en la vida de la mujer, y no una enfermedad. La actitud positiva, una correcta alimentación y la práctica diaria de ejercicio, ayudan a prevenir o mejorar estos síntomas.
Menopause is the cessation of menstrual periods, and usually occurs between 40 and 55. Marks the end of the stage of life in which reproduction is possible. Some women stop having their cycle in a rather sudden, but most go through a stage in which the periods are becoming irregular. Bleeding is also abnormal, as it becomes more scarce or more abundant than in previous years. This irregularity phase can begin up to five years before it gets real menopause occurs when the ovaries stop responding to pituitary hormones, stop ripening eggs and stops the production of estrogen, which was raised by setting the menopause and its influence on sexual health in women of 40-55 years of age who presented to the Ambulatory Care Center of Santo Domingo de IESS Tsáchilas, November 2008 to April 2009. Using a non-experimental, descriptive. In the research were 250 patients, most of the women were aged 40 - 45 years old according to the frequency and 80% were between higher education, complete secondary and incomplete. Being Married marital status 30%, followed by single, widowed and marriage with 20% each state, with 3-4 feat as more frequent and have steady partners, 70% of respondents. Most common symptoms associated with menopause were observed back pain and high blood pressure, psychological symptoms were irritability, depression, and decreased libido; between genitourinary problems were frequent genital dryness, vaginal discharge and painful intercourse. We conclude that menopause affects the sexual life of women 40 to 55 years of age, corroborating the hypothesis in this research. It is recommended that the most important thing to keep in mind that menopause is a natural process in the life of the woman, and not a disease. A positive attitude, a proper diet and exercise daily practice, help prevent or improve these symptoms.
Menopause is the cessation of menstrual periods, and usually occurs between 40 and 55. Marks the end of the stage of life in which reproduction is possible. Some women stop having their cycle in a rather sudden, but most go through a stage in which the periods are becoming irregular. Bleeding is also abnormal, as it becomes more scarce or more abundant than in previous years. This irregularity phase can begin up to five years before it gets real menopause occurs when the ovaries stop responding to pituitary hormones, stop ripening eggs and stops the production of estrogen, which was raised by setting the menopause and its influence on sexual health in women of 40-55 years of age who presented to the Ambulatory Care Center of Santo Domingo de IESS Tsáchilas, November 2008 to April 2009. Using a non-experimental, descriptive. In the research were 250 patients, most of the women were aged 40 - 45 years old according to the frequency and 80% were between higher education, complete secondary and incomplete. Being Married marital status 30%, followed by single, widowed and marriage with 20% each state, with 3-4 feat as more frequent and have steady partners, 70% of respondents. Most common symptoms associated with menopause were observed back pain and high blood pressure, psychological symptoms were irritability, depression, and decreased libido; between genitourinary problems were frequent genital dryness, vaginal discharge and painful intercourse. We conclude that menopause affects the sexual life of women 40 to 55 years of age, corroborating the hypothesis in this research. It is recommended that the most important thing to keep in mind that menopause is a natural process in the life of the woman, and not a disease. A positive attitude, a proper diet and exercise daily practice, help prevent or improve these symptoms.
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Menopausia, Salud sexual, Hormonas, Epidemiología descriptiva, Centro de Atención Ambulatoria del IESS Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Cantón Santo Domingo, Ecuador, Adulto