Vulnerabilidad hídrica en tres parroquias del cantón Santa Ana, mediante el uso del sistema de indicadores hídricos del IDEAM
Fecha
2019-09
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
En cantón Santa Ana se caracteriza por presentar continuos escenarios de sequía debido a las condiciones climáticas y geográficas del sector, afectando su desarrollo social y económico. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la vulnerabilidad al desabastecimiento hídrico en el cantón Santa Ana. El trabajo se dividió en dos etapas. La primera consistió en el cálculo del índice de Retención y regulación Hídrica, se estableció como base de datos un registro histórico de caudales diarios de la represa Poza Honda para la elaboración de la Curva de Duración de Caudales. La segunda se fundamentó en la obtención del índice de Uso de Agua, se estimó la oferta hídrica a partir de un registro de caudales mensuales, considerando las mismas dimensiones temporales y espaciales utilizadas para el índice de Retención y Regulación Hídrica. Se calculó la demanda hídrica con base en la identificación de los principales usos consuntivos del área de estudio. El cálculo del índice de Vulnerabilidad al Desabastecimiento Hídrico se definió mediante la matriz de relación establecida por el IDEAM.Los resultados obtenidos muestran valores de 0,24156749 para el índice de Regulación y Retención Hídrica; adquiriendo una caracterización de "Muy bajo", lo que denota una baja capacidad de retención de humedad. mientras que el índice de Uso de Agua se categorizó como "muy alto", al presentar valores de 58,99% evidenciando una baja eficiencia del manejo del agua por parte de los usuarios del cantón, por consiguiente, el índice de Vulnerabilidad Hídrica presentó valores muy altos en las tres parroquias.
The Santa Ana canton is characterized by presenting continuous drought scenarios due to the climatic and geographical conditions of the sector, affectin its social and economic development. the purpose of this work was to determine the vulneravbility to water shortages in the Santa Ana canton. Forthis purpose, the work was divided intotwo stages. The first consisted in the calculation of the Water Retention and Regulation index, for this purpose, a historical record of daily flows of the Poza Honda dam was established as a database for the elaboration of the Flow Duration Curve. The second stage was based on obtainiing the Water Use Index, for this,the water supply was determined from a monthly flow register, considering the same temporal and spatial dimensions used for the Water Retention and Regulation Index. The calculation of water demand was based on the identification of the main consumptive uses of the study area. The calculation of the Vulnerability Index to Water Shortage was defined by the relationship matrix established by the IDEAM. The results obtainedshow values of 0.24156749 for the Water Retention and Regulation Index; acquiring a "Very low" characterization, which denotes a low moisture retention capacity. On the other hand, the Water Used Index was categorized as "very high", presenting values of 58.99% showing a low efficiency of water management by the users of the canton, therefore, the Water Vulnerability Indiex It presented very high in the three parishes.
The Santa Ana canton is characterized by presenting continuous drought scenarios due to the climatic and geographical conditions of the sector, affectin its social and economic development. the purpose of this work was to determine the vulneravbility to water shortages in the Santa Ana canton. Forthis purpose, the work was divided intotwo stages. The first consisted in the calculation of the Water Retention and Regulation index, for this purpose, a historical record of daily flows of the Poza Honda dam was established as a database for the elaboration of the Flow Duration Curve. The second stage was based on obtainiing the Water Use Index, for this,the water supply was determined from a monthly flow register, considering the same temporal and spatial dimensions used for the Water Retention and Regulation Index. The calculation of water demand was based on the identification of the main consumptive uses of the study area. The calculation of the Vulnerability Index to Water Shortage was defined by the relationship matrix established by the IDEAM. The results obtainedshow values of 0.24156749 for the Water Retention and Regulation Index; acquiring a "Very low" characterization, which denotes a low moisture retention capacity. On the other hand, the Water Used Index was categorized as "very high", presenting values of 58.99% showing a low efficiency of water management by the users of the canton, therefore, the Water Vulnerability Indiex It presented very high in the three parishes.
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VULNERABILIDAD, DESABASTECIMIENTO, IDEAM