Efecto de trichoderma sobre la incidencia de enfermedades en el cultivo de arroz en el sector perimetral Daule
Fecha
2019-10
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Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
La presente investigación se realizó en la época seca del 2019, en el Sector
Perimetral Daule, cantón Daule, provincia del Guayas, en los terrenos del señor
Douglas Francisco Barzola Peña, ubicado entre las coordenadas 1° 52´ 00´´ S
y 79° 59´ 00´´ W. Los objetivos fueron: 1) Determinar la mejor época de aplicación
de Trichoderma, y 2) Elaborar el análisis económico de presupuesto parcial del
CIMMYT. Se estudiaron seis tratamiento (Trichoderma al semillero, con Trichoderma
al semillero 20 - 30 días, con Trichoderma al semillero 30 - 40 días, sin Trichoderma
al semillero 20 - 30 días, sin Trichoderma al semillero 30 – 40 días y Sin Trichoderma),
se usó el diseño de bloques completamente al azar con arreglo grupal. Se evaluaron
la incidencia de enfermedades presentes en el cultivo de arroz, entre ellas Rhizoctonia,
Gaeumannomyces, Hoja Blanca, Manchado de grano, además, en cada tratamiento
se determinó el porcentaje de granos vanos, llenos con y sin manchas; las variables
agronómicas fueron altura de planta, número de espigas, peso de 1000 semillas y
rendimiento. De acuerdo con los resultados se concluyó que la aplicación de
Trichoderma al semillero + 20 y 30 días después del trasplante presentó el menor
porcentaje de Rhizoctonia y Gaeumanomyces con 4.2 y 2.3 % respectivamente y el
mayor porcentaje de granos sanos con 88.00%. La mayor altura de planta con 113 cm,
el mayor peso de 1000 semillas con 29 gramos, igualmente se dio en el tratamiento de
Trichoderma al semillero + 20 y 30 días después del trasplante y el tratamiento con
Trichoderma al semillero + 30 y 40 días después del trasplante alcanzó el mayor
rendimiento con 7049 kg/ha. El tratamiento de mayor rentabilidad fue el uso de
Trichoderma al semillero más dos aplicaciones a los 30 y 40 días después del
trasplante con una rentabilidad de 1.03 %.
The present investigation was carried out in the dry season of 2019, in the Daule Perimeter Sector, Daule canton, Guayas province, on the grounds of Mr. Douglas Francisco Barzola Peña, located between coordinates 1 ° 52´ 00´´ S and 79 ° 59´ 00´´ W. The objectives were: 1) To determine the best time of application of Trichoderma, and 2) To prepare the economic analysis of the partial budget of the CIMMYT. Six treatments (Trichoderma to the seedbed, with Trichoderma to the seedbed 20 - 30 days, with Trichoderma to the seedbed 30 - 40 days, without Trichoderma to the seedbed 20 - 30 days, without Trichoderma to the seedbed 30 - 40 days and Without Trichoderma), were studied He used the completely randomized block design with group arrangement. The incidence of diseases present in the rice crop was evaluated, among them Rhizoctonia, Gaeumannomyces, White Leaf, Grain Spotting, in addition, in each treatment the percentage of empty grains, filled with and without spots, was determined; The agronomic variables were plant height, number of spikes, weight of 1000 seeds and yield. According to the results, it was concluded that the application of Trichoderma to the seedbed + 20 and 30 days after the transplant presented the lowest percentage of Rhizoctonia and Gaeumanomyces with 4.2 and 2.3% respectively and the highest percentage of healthy grains with 88.00%. The highest plant height with 113 cm, the greatest weight of 1000 seeds with 29 grams, also occurred in the treatment of Trichoderma at the seedbed + 20 and 30 days after transplantation and the treatment with Trichoderma at the seedbed + 30 and 40 days later of the transplant reached the highest yield with 7049 kg / ha. The most profitable treatment was the use of Trichoderma to the seedbed plus two applications at 30 and 40 days after the transplant with a yield of 1.03%.
The present investigation was carried out in the dry season of 2019, in the Daule Perimeter Sector, Daule canton, Guayas province, on the grounds of Mr. Douglas Francisco Barzola Peña, located between coordinates 1 ° 52´ 00´´ S and 79 ° 59´ 00´´ W. The objectives were: 1) To determine the best time of application of Trichoderma, and 2) To prepare the economic analysis of the partial budget of the CIMMYT. Six treatments (Trichoderma to the seedbed, with Trichoderma to the seedbed 20 - 30 days, with Trichoderma to the seedbed 30 - 40 days, without Trichoderma to the seedbed 20 - 30 days, without Trichoderma to the seedbed 30 - 40 days and Without Trichoderma), were studied He used the completely randomized block design with group arrangement. The incidence of diseases present in the rice crop was evaluated, among them Rhizoctonia, Gaeumannomyces, White Leaf, Grain Spotting, in addition, in each treatment the percentage of empty grains, filled with and without spots, was determined; The agronomic variables were plant height, number of spikes, weight of 1000 seeds and yield. According to the results, it was concluded that the application of Trichoderma to the seedbed + 20 and 30 days after the transplant presented the lowest percentage of Rhizoctonia and Gaeumanomyces with 4.2 and 2.3% respectively and the highest percentage of healthy grains with 88.00%. The highest plant height with 113 cm, the greatest weight of 1000 seeds with 29 grams, also occurred in the treatment of Trichoderma at the seedbed + 20 and 30 days after transplantation and the treatment with Trichoderma at the seedbed + 30 and 40 days later of the transplant reached the highest yield with 7049 kg / ha. The most profitable treatment was the use of Trichoderma to the seedbed plus two applications at 30 and 40 days after the transplant with a yield of 1.03%.
Descripción
Palabras clave
TRICHODERMA, RHIZOCTONIA, GAEUMANNOMYCES, RENTABILIDAD