Estudio farmacognóstico y fitoquímico preliminar del rizoma de Smilax purhampuy R.
Fecha
2019
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
Resumen
El presente trabajo tiene corno objetivo estudiar las características farmacognóstica y fitoquímíca del rizoma de Smilax purhampuy R. recolectada en la provincia Francisco de Orellana. Los ensayos se realizaron en el "Laboratorio de Productos Naturales para investigación Docente y Estudiantil" y en el "Laboratorio de Medicamentos" de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad de Guayaquil; obteniendo como resultado para los parámetros farmacognósticos: cenizas totales 3.35%, cenizas insolubles en agua 0.33%, cenizas insolubles en ácido clorhídrico 0.67%, humedad 13.44%, sustancias solubles 1.4% ( E. Acuoso), 0.2% (E. Etéreo), 1.8% (E, Alcohólico) utilizando el método de Miranda y Cuéllar 2001. Las características micromorfológicas que presentó el rizoma fueron: células del parénquima, fibras, vasos de la xilema con hoyos bordeados y con numerosos engrosamientos cortados asociados con elementos del tejido conductor y gránulos de almidón, usando el método de Arnol 1973, Gattuso M y Gattuso S 1999. Mediante el tamizaje fitoquímico se determinó cualitativamente la presencia de compuestos lactónicos, alcaloides, triterpenos-esteroides, azucares reductores, quinonas, saponinas, fiavonoides entre otros metabolitos; siguiendo la rnetodología de Miranda y Cuéllar 2001. Aplicando el método de Soxhlet se obtuvo un rendimiento promedio de 75.86% de aceite, utilizando hexano como solvente. La cromatografía de gases-masas identificó los compuestos presentes en el extracto etanólico del rizoma, los de mayor intensidad son ácido succínico, ácido palmítico y ácido esteárico.
The present work aims at study the pharmacognostic and phytochemical characteristics of the rhizome of Smilax purhampuy R. collected in the province Francisco de Orellana. The essays were carried out in the "Laboratory of Natural Products for the Investigation of Teachers and Students" and in the "Laboratory of Medicines" of the Faculty of Chemical Sciences of the UniversIty of Guayaquil. obtaining as a result for the pharmacognostic parameters: total ashes 3.35%, water insoluble ashes 0.33%, insoluble ashes in hydrochloric acid 0.67%, humidity 13.44%, solubles substances 1.4% (E. Aqueous), 0.2% (E. Ethereal), 1.8% (E Alcoholic) using the method of Miranda and Cuéllar 2001. The micromorphological characteristics presented by the rhizome were: parenchyma cells, fibers, xylem vessels with lined holes and numerous cut thickenings associated with conductive tissue elements and starch granules. using the method of Arnol 1973, Gattuso M and Gattuso S 1999. Phytochernical screening qualitatively determined the presence of lactonic compounds, alkaloids, triterpenes-steroids, reducing sugars, quinones, saponins, flavonoids among other metabolites; following the methodology of Miranda and Cuéllar 2001. Applying the Soxhlet method, an average yield of 75.86% of oil was obtained, using hexane as solvent. Gas-mass chromatography identified the compounds present in the rhizorne ethanolic extract, the most intense are succinic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid.
The present work aims at study the pharmacognostic and phytochemical characteristics of the rhizome of Smilax purhampuy R. collected in the province Francisco de Orellana. The essays were carried out in the "Laboratory of Natural Products for the Investigation of Teachers and Students" and in the "Laboratory of Medicines" of the Faculty of Chemical Sciences of the UniversIty of Guayaquil. obtaining as a result for the pharmacognostic parameters: total ashes 3.35%, water insoluble ashes 0.33%, insoluble ashes in hydrochloric acid 0.67%, humidity 13.44%, solubles substances 1.4% (E. Aqueous), 0.2% (E. Ethereal), 1.8% (E Alcoholic) using the method of Miranda and Cuéllar 2001. The micromorphological characteristics presented by the rhizome were: parenchyma cells, fibers, xylem vessels with lined holes and numerous cut thickenings associated with conductive tissue elements and starch granules. using the method of Arnol 1973, Gattuso M and Gattuso S 1999. Phytochernical screening qualitatively determined the presence of lactonic compounds, alkaloids, triterpenes-steroids, reducing sugars, quinones, saponins, flavonoids among other metabolites; following the methodology of Miranda and Cuéllar 2001. Applying the Soxhlet method, an average yield of 75.86% of oil was obtained, using hexane as solvent. Gas-mass chromatography identified the compounds present in the rhizorne ethanolic extract, the most intense are succinic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid.
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SMILAX PURHAMPUY R, RIZOMA, TAMIZAJE FITOQUÍMICO, METABOLITOS SECUNDARIOS, PARÁMETROS FARMACOGNÓSTICO