Factores que influyen en la histerectomía o miomectomía electiva en la miomatosis uterina
Fecha
2019
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Carrera de Obstetricia
Resumen
A nivel mundial la miomatosis uterina es una de las patologías benignas que afecta a un 60 - 80% de mujeres en edad fértil, en Ecuador esta patología ocupa el décimo lugar entre las principales causas de morbilidad femenina, según datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos; el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar los factores que influyen para la práctica de una histerectomía o miomectomía electiva en los casos de miomatosis uterina de mujeres mayores de 30 años en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil; realizando un estudio de campo, retrospectivo de tipo descriptivo y corte transversal, con modalidad cuantitativa, utilizando como método el análisis – síntesis; con una muestra de 321 pacientes, empleando como técnicas de investigación la entrevista y la ficha de datos; obteniendo como resultado que se realizaron histerectomías en un 78% por factores tales como: 41% de las pacientes eran multíparas, 35% presentaron sangrado uterino anormal, 40% tenían entre 4 – 5 miomas, 38% miomas grandes (>6cm – 20cm) y el 74% presentó patología asociada; mientras que, el 22% de las miomectomías, se realizaron debido a que, el 5% de las pacientes eran nulíparas y presentaban abortos recurrentes, 24% con miomas intramurales, 16% miomas únicos y el 13% fueron miomas pequeños (<2cm); por ello se propuso un plan de orientación para mejorar la calidad de vida de las pacientes que se realizaron una histerectomía o miomectomía electiva.
Globally, uterine myomatosis is one of the benign pathologies that affects 60-80% of women of childbearing age, in Ecuador this pathology ranks tenth among the main causes of female morbidity, according to data from the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses; The objective of this research was to determine the factors that influence the practice of a hysterectomy or elective myomectomy in cases of uterine myomatosis of women over 30 years of age at the University Hospital of Guayaquil; conducting a retrospective field study of descriptive type and cross section, with quantitative modality, using the analysis - synthesis method as a method; with a sample of 321 patients, using the interview and the data sheet as research techniques; obtaining as a result that hysterectomies were performed in 78% due to factors such as: 41% of the patients were multiparous, 35% had abnormal uterine bleeding, 40% had between 4 - 5 myomas, 38% large myomas (> 6cm - 20cm) and 74% presented associated pathology; while, 22% of myomectomies were performed because, 5% of the patients were nulliparous and had recurrent abortions, 24% with intramural myomas, 16% single myomas and 13% were small myomas (<2cm) ; Therefore, an orientation plan was proposed to improve the quality of life of patients who underwent a hysterectomy or elective myomectomy
Globally, uterine myomatosis is one of the benign pathologies that affects 60-80% of women of childbearing age, in Ecuador this pathology ranks tenth among the main causes of female morbidity, according to data from the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses; The objective of this research was to determine the factors that influence the practice of a hysterectomy or elective myomectomy in cases of uterine myomatosis of women over 30 years of age at the University Hospital of Guayaquil; conducting a retrospective field study of descriptive type and cross section, with quantitative modality, using the analysis - synthesis method as a method; with a sample of 321 patients, using the interview and the data sheet as research techniques; obtaining as a result that hysterectomies were performed in 78% due to factors such as: 41% of the patients were multiparous, 35% had abnormal uterine bleeding, 40% had between 4 - 5 myomas, 38% large myomas (> 6cm - 20cm) and 74% presented associated pathology; while, 22% of myomectomies were performed because, 5% of the patients were nulliparous and had recurrent abortions, 24% with intramural myomas, 16% single myomas and 13% were small myomas (<2cm) ; Therefore, an orientation plan was proposed to improve the quality of life of patients who underwent a hysterectomy or elective myomectomy
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HISTERECTOMIA, MIOMECTOMIA, MIOMATOSIS UTERINA, HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE GUAYAQUIL, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, ESTUDIOS RETROSPECTIVOS