Análisis de la migración de venezolanos y su incidencia socioeconómica en la ciudad de Guayaquil. período 2015-2017
Fecha
2019-09-10
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas
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El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el impacto de la migración masiva de venezolanos en el mercado laboral, tanto formal como informal, en la ciudad de Guayaquil. Para cumplir este objetivo se realizó una encuesta a migrantes venezolanos; así como, a comerciantes informales ecuatorianos, sobre sus condiciones laborales, ingresos, tiempo de trabajo y demás información relevante. Luego, por medio de la estadística descriptiva, se procedió a establecer una aproximación al impacto de la presencia de los migrantes venezolanos en el mercado laboral local. Los resultados muestran que los migrantes venezolanos en la ciudad de Guayaquil trabajan en condiciones precarias, obteniendo ingresos menores al salario mínimo. Si estos migrantes trabajan formalmente, son sobre explotados por sus patronos; y si laboran en el área informal, lo hacen en condiciones extenuantes con demasiadas horas de trabajo. Esto ha resultado en que los ecuatorianos perciban que la llegada de venezolanos ha precarizado también sus condiciones laborales y ha provocado la disminución de los salarios que los patronos están dispuestos a pagarles. La recomendación que surge de estos resultados es la implementación de una política migratoria que impida que las leyes laborales sean violadas y se afecte tanto a migrantes como a ecuatorianos
The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of the massive migration of Venezuelans in the labor market, both formal and informal, in the city of Guayaquil. To fulfill this objective, a survey was conducted of Venezuelan migrants, as well as Ecuadorian informal traders, on their working conditions, income, working time and other relevant information. Then, through descriptive statistics, we proceeded to establish an approach to the impact of the presence of Venezuelan migrants in the local labor market. The results show that Venezuelan migrants in the city of Guayaquil work in precarious conditions, earning less than the minimum wage. If these migrants work formally, they are over-exploited by their employers; and if they work in the informal area, they do so under strenuous conditions with too many hours of work. This has resulted in Ecuadorians perceiving that the arrival of Venezuelans has also precariousized their working conditions and has caused the decrease in salaries that employers are willing to pay them. The recommendation that emerges from these results is the implementation of a migration policy that prevents labor laws from being violated and affects both migrants and Ecuadorians
The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of the massive migration of Venezuelans in the labor market, both formal and informal, in the city of Guayaquil. To fulfill this objective, a survey was conducted of Venezuelan migrants, as well as Ecuadorian informal traders, on their working conditions, income, working time and other relevant information. Then, through descriptive statistics, we proceeded to establish an approach to the impact of the presence of Venezuelan migrants in the local labor market. The results show that Venezuelan migrants in the city of Guayaquil work in precarious conditions, earning less than the minimum wage. If these migrants work formally, they are over-exploited by their employers; and if they work in the informal area, they do so under strenuous conditions with too many hours of work. This has resulted in Ecuadorians perceiving that the arrival of Venezuelans has also precariousized their working conditions and has caused the decrease in salaries that employers are willing to pay them. The recommendation that emerges from these results is the implementation of a migration policy that prevents labor laws from being violated and affects both migrants and Ecuadorians
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MIGRACIÓN, EXPLOTACIÓN LABORAL, VENEZUELA, EMPLEO