Incidencia de desgarros perineales en primíparas atendidas en el Hospital San Luis de Otavalo en el período de enero a diciembre del 2012
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2015
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La prevención de los desgarros perineales en pacientes primíparas ha hecho de la episiotomía uno de los procedimientos más frecuentemente utilizados en el área obstétrica; su uso prácticamente es rutinario en la mayoría de los hospitales. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo identificar la incidencia, factores de riesgo, complicaciones y etiología de los desgarros perineales que presentaron las mujeres primíparas durante la fase expulsiva del parto. Se utilizó un método descriptivo, prospectivo y correlacional, basado en datos recolectados de las historias clínicas y la valoración del cumplimiento de la norma del MSP a través de un check list de verificación. El universo investigado fue de 1209 mujeres que fueron atendidas su parto en el hospital San Luis de Otavalo, mientras que la muestra fue de 484 primíparas que presento o no algún desgarro perineal, siendo el 79% de todas las atenciones descritas las que presentaron desgarro perineal. Luego de haber analizado los diferentes resultados y correlacionarlos se obtuvo que la incidencia de desgarros perineales fue mayor en el grupo de adultas jóvenes (64,85%), que procedían de áreas rurales (65,5%), que tenían un grado de instrucción primaria completa (67,5%) y que su parto fue atendido por un personal menos calificado. Por lo que se concluye que la presencia de desgarros perineales tienen una íntima relación con la técnica de atención de la fase expulsiva del parto más no de la posición en la que se produce el mismo. Se recomendó por tanto el uso de un protocolo estandarizado de manejo de la fase expulsiva del parto que mejore la calidad de atención de las usuarias y que disminuya la incidencia de desgarros perineales y sus complicaciones.
The prevention of the lacerations perineals in patient first pregnancy has made of the episiotomy one of the procedures more frequently used in the obstetric area; their use practically is routine in most of the hospitals. This work has for objective to identify the incidence, factors of risk, complications and etiologic of the lacerations perineals that the women first pregnancy presented during the phase expulsive of the childbirth. You use a descriptive, prospective method and correlational, based on gathered data of the clinical histories and the valuation of the execution of the norm of the MSP through a check verification list. The investigated universe belonged to 1209 women first pregnancy who were assisted its childbirth in the hospital San Luis of Otavalo, while the sample was of 484 first pregnancy that I present some type of laceration perineal being 79% of all the described attentions. After having analyzed the different results and to correlate them was obtained that the incidence of lacerations perineals was bigger in the group of mature young (64,85%) that proceeded of rural areas (65,5%) that had a grade of complete primary instruction (67,5%) and that its childbirth was assisted by a less qualified personnel. For what you concludes that the presence of lacerations perineals not has an intimate relationship with the technique of attention of the phase expulsive of the childbirth of the position in which the same one takes place. It was recommended the use of a standardized protocol of handling of the phase expulsive of the childbirth that improves the quality of the users' attention therefore and that it diminishes the incidence of lacerations perineals and their complications
The prevention of the lacerations perineals in patient first pregnancy has made of the episiotomy one of the procedures more frequently used in the obstetric area; their use practically is routine in most of the hospitals. This work has for objective to identify the incidence, factors of risk, complications and etiologic of the lacerations perineals that the women first pregnancy presented during the phase expulsive of the childbirth. You use a descriptive, prospective method and correlational, based on gathered data of the clinical histories and the valuation of the execution of the norm of the MSP through a check verification list. The investigated universe belonged to 1209 women first pregnancy who were assisted its childbirth in the hospital San Luis of Otavalo, while the sample was of 484 first pregnancy that I present some type of laceration perineal being 79% of all the described attentions. After having analyzed the different results and to correlate them was obtained that the incidence of lacerations perineals was bigger in the group of mature young (64,85%) that proceeded of rural areas (65,5%) that had a grade of complete primary instruction (67,5%) and that its childbirth was assisted by a less qualified personnel. For what you concludes that the presence of lacerations perineals not has an intimate relationship with the technique of attention of the phase expulsive of the childbirth of the position in which the same one takes place. It was recommended the use of a standardized protocol of handling of the phase expulsive of the childbirth that improves the quality of the users' attention therefore and that it diminishes the incidence of lacerations perineals and their complications
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DESGARRO PERINEAL, PARIDAD, PARTO, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA, ESTUDIOS PROSPECTIVOS, HOSPITAL SAN LUIS DE OTAVALO, CANTON OTAVALO, ECUADOR