Seguridad y fiabilidad de la cirugía convencional y cirugía laparoscópica en pacientes con testículos no descendidos
Fecha
2019
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El testículo no descendido se presenta entre el 3% al 5% de los recién nacidos y en
el 0.8% de los lactantes después de los 10 meses de edad. Esta anomalía urológica
representa una de las primeras causas de morbilidad quirúrgica pediátrica en varones
menores de dos años de edad en el Ecuador. Su manejo no oportuno a la edad podría
provocar complicaciones como atrofia y aumentar el riesgo de torsión testicular,
esterilidad en la edad adulta, hernia inguinal y la posibilidad de que el tejido testicular
degenere en una neoplasia y que nos llevaría a realizar una orquiectomía. Con el objetivo
de evaluar la seguridad y fiabilidad de la cirugía convencional y la cirugía laparoscópica
en los pacientes con testículos no descendidos en el Hospital de Niños Dr. Roberto
Gilbert Elizalde, Se procedió a realizar una investigación de tipo descriptivo
correlacional, enmarcada en un diseño no experimental, transeccional correlacional
causal. El universo quedó constituido por el total de pacientes con diagnóstico de
testículo no descendido que fueron ingresados en el departamento de Cirugía Pediátrica
y servicio de urología del Hospital de Niños Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde, de la ciudad
de Guayaquil, la muestra quedó conformada por 158 pacientes con testículo no
descendido que recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico en el referido servicio. Los resultados
obtenidos permitieron destacar que el 70,3% de los pacientes intervenidos se realizó
mediante cirugía abierta y el 29,7 a través de laparoscopia y en el 68,4% no se presentaron
complicaciones postquirúrgicas. En cuanto a la fiabilidad de la técnica el 100% de los
procedimientos laparoscópicos presentó alta fiabilidad frente al 94,6% de los
procedimientos catalogados como de fiabilidad alta de la técnica tradicional, por tanto,
se tiene que la cirugía laparoscópica muestra ser ligeramente más segura y fiable que los
procedimientos convencionales.
The undescended testicle occurs between 3% to 5% of newborns and in 0.8% of infants after the 10 months of age. This urological abnormality represents one of the first causes of pediatric surgical morbidity in men under two years old in Ecuador. Its inappropriate treatment at the correct age could cause complications such as atrophy and increase the risk of testicular torsion, infertility in adulthood, inguinal hernia and the possibility of testicular tissue degenerating into a neoplasm that would require an orchidopexy. In order to evaluate the safety and reliability of conventional and laparoscopic surgery in patients with undescended testicles, at Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde Children's Hospital, a correlational descriptive investigation was conducted, framed in a non-experimental design, causal correlational transectional. The universe of this investigation was the total number of patients with a diagnosis of undescended testicles who were admitted to the Pediatric Surgery and Urology Department of the Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde Children's Hospital, in the city of Guayaquil, the sample was made up of 158 patients with undescended testis who received surgical treatment in the referred service. The obtained results made it possible to highlight that 70.3% of the operated patients were performed through an open surgery and 29.7% through laparoscopy and in 68.4% of the total cases there were no post-surgical complications. Regarding the reliability of the technique, 100% of the laparoscopic procedures presented high reliability compared to 94.6% of the procedures classified as high reliability of the traditional technique, therefore, the laparoscopic surgery is shown to be slightly more safe and reliable than conventional procedures.
The undescended testicle occurs between 3% to 5% of newborns and in 0.8% of infants after the 10 months of age. This urological abnormality represents one of the first causes of pediatric surgical morbidity in men under two years old in Ecuador. Its inappropriate treatment at the correct age could cause complications such as atrophy and increase the risk of testicular torsion, infertility in adulthood, inguinal hernia and the possibility of testicular tissue degenerating into a neoplasm that would require an orchidopexy. In order to evaluate the safety and reliability of conventional and laparoscopic surgery in patients with undescended testicles, at Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde Children's Hospital, a correlational descriptive investigation was conducted, framed in a non-experimental design, causal correlational transectional. The universe of this investigation was the total number of patients with a diagnosis of undescended testicles who were admitted to the Pediatric Surgery and Urology Department of the Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde Children's Hospital, in the city of Guayaquil, the sample was made up of 158 patients with undescended testis who received surgical treatment in the referred service. The obtained results made it possible to highlight that 70.3% of the operated patients were performed through an open surgery and 29.7% through laparoscopy and in 68.4% of the total cases there were no post-surgical complications. Regarding the reliability of the technique, 100% of the laparoscopic procedures presented high reliability compared to 94.6% of the procedures classified as high reliability of the traditional technique, therefore, the laparoscopic surgery is shown to be slightly more safe and reliable than conventional procedures.
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CRIPTORQUIDISMO, LAPAROSCOPIA, CIRUGIA, ORQUIDOPEXIA, HOSPITAL DE NIÑO DR. ROBERTO GILBERT ELIZALDE, CANTON GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR, PEDIATRIA, EPIDEMIOLOGIA DESCRIPTIVA