Calidad de vida en pacientes con cáncer cervicouterino, efectos psicosociales : planteamiento de un protocolo de soporte psicológico
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Actualmente en nuestro país el cáncer cervicouterino es la patología neoplásica con mayor incidencia, las tasas de mortalidad han logrado disminuir debido a programas de cirugías y otras técnicas de tratamientos como la radioterapia y/o quimioterapia. Esto ha provocado un aumento en el número de pacientes que son diagnosticadas con cáncer cervicouterino, tratadas y posterior a eso presentan un “duelo oncológico”, en el cual las manifestaciones psicoemocionales y sociales se ponen de manifiesto, afectando directamente la salud en general y principalmente la calidad de vida. Los principales efectos psicosociales desarrollados en las pacientes con cáncer cervicouterino afectan la sexualidad y la comunicación con la pareja. La metodología del presente estudio consistió en realizar encuestas a 90 pacientes con cáncer cervicouterino en el área de Oncología del Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón, posterior a esto se analizó estadísticamente las respuestas brindadas por las pacientes. De esta manera se obtuvo como resultado que de las 90 pacientes encuestadas, 30 pacientes no tienen pareja al momento de la encuesta, por lo cual se decidió eliminarlas de los resultados expuestos. De las 60 pacientes que respondieron si tener pareja, cónyuge o conviviente, el 33% refirió haberse sentido deprimida, el trastorno en la percepción de la imagen corporal fue el efecto psicosocial indeseable más frecuente; alrededor de 45 pacientes presentaron dispareunia durante el coito. Se concluye entonces que la implementación de un protocolo de soporte psicológico y tratamiento integral de sus efectos indeseables para pacientes con cáncer cervicouterino, permitiría incidir sobre la calidad de vida de este grupo de pacientes.
Currently in our country cervical cancer is the neoplastic disease with the highest incidence, mortality rates have reduced due to surgery programs and other treatment techniques such as radiotherapy and / or chemotherapy. This has caused an increase in the number of patients who are diagnosed with posterior cervical cancer, treated and that have a "cancer mourning," in which the psycho-emotional and social manifestations are evident, directly affecting health in general and especially quality of life. The main psychosocial effects developed in patients with cervical cancer affect sexuality and partner communication. The methodology of this study was to conduct 90 patients with cervical cancer surveys in the area of Oncology Hospital Abel Gilbert Ponton, after this is statistically analyzed the answers given by patients. Thus it was obtained as a result of the surveyed 90 patients, 30 patients without partners at the time of the survey, so it was decided to remove them from the results exposed. Of the 60 patients who responded if you have a partner, spouse or partner, 33% reported having felt depressed, disorder in the perception of body image was the most frequent undesirable psychosocial effect; about 45 patients had dyspareunia during intercourse. Thus it has been concluded that the implementation of a protocol of psychological support and comprehensive treatment of its undesirable effects for patients with cervical cancer, would influence the quality of life of these patients.
Currently in our country cervical cancer is the neoplastic disease with the highest incidence, mortality rates have reduced due to surgery programs and other treatment techniques such as radiotherapy and / or chemotherapy. This has caused an increase in the number of patients who are diagnosed with posterior cervical cancer, treated and that have a "cancer mourning," in which the psycho-emotional and social manifestations are evident, directly affecting health in general and especially quality of life. The main psychosocial effects developed in patients with cervical cancer affect sexuality and partner communication. The methodology of this study was to conduct 90 patients with cervical cancer surveys in the area of Oncology Hospital Abel Gilbert Ponton, after this is statistically analyzed the answers given by patients. Thus it was obtained as a result of the surveyed 90 patients, 30 patients without partners at the time of the survey, so it was decided to remove them from the results exposed. Of the 60 patients who responded if you have a partner, spouse or partner, 33% reported having felt depressed, disorder in the perception of body image was the most frequent undesirable psychosocial effect; about 45 patients had dyspareunia during intercourse. Thus it has been concluded that the implementation of a protocol of psychological support and comprehensive treatment of its undesirable effects for patients with cervical cancer, would influence the quality of life of these patients.
Descripción
2016
Palabras clave
Calidad de vida, Neoplasias del cuello uterino, Factores sociológicos, Protocolos, Hospital de Especialidades Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Factores psicológicos