Valoración de anemia por determinación hemoglobina en embarazadas
Fecha
2016
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
La anemia es una alteración hematológica que cursa con niveles de hemoglobina y
hematocrito bajo por ser un problema de salud reproductiva que ocurre en cualquier etapa
de la vida y durante el embarazo, la misma que esta asociada con mayor riesgo de parto
prematuro bajo peso materno y neonatal El objetivo de este estudio es valorar los niveles
de anemia por concentración de hemoglobina y análisis de los factores asociados en
embarazadas atendidas en el Centro de Salud El Empalme, se destacan algunas causas y
efectos. Metodología: La metodología aplicada en esta investigación fue de enfoque
cuantitativo con una muestra de 124 embarazadas con anemia. Mediante un análisis de
tipo observacional, analítico de corte transversal y correlacional, se demostró los
siguientes resultados. Resultados: Se evidenció que un 71% de embarazadas presentaron
un grado de anemia leve; un 64% tienen periodo intergenésico corto, el 59% tienen un
bajo peso, el 56% tienen controles prenatales irregulares y el 51% son multíparas, el 50%
se presenta en el segundo trimestre de embarazo. Al conocer los resultados concluimos que
los factores que inciden en la disminución del nivel de hemoglobina en las gestantes
anémicas son, periodo intergenésico, el estado nutricional, controles prenatales irregulares,
y multiparidad. A pesar de los avances logrados en la reducción de anemia sigue siendo un
problema que requiere atención, por lo que se plantea un plan de promoción y prevención
nutricional que contribuye en forma temprana y adecuada a disminuir la morbimortalidad
materna y perinatal vinculada a esta patología.
The anemia is an alteration hematologic that courses with levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit low by be a problem of health reproductive that occurs in any stage of the life and during the pregnancy, the same that this associated with greater risk of childbirth premature low weight maternal and neonatal the objective of this study is rating them levels of anemia by concentration of hemoglobin and analysis of them factors associated in pregnant served in the Centre of health the Joint, will stand out some causes and effects. Methodology: The methodology applied in this study was quantitative approach with a sample of 124 pregnant with anemia. Observational, analytical type of cut, transversal and correlational analysis, showed the following results. Results: is evidenced that a 71% of pregnant showed a degree of anemia mild; a 64% have period birth short, the 59% have a low weight, the 56% have controls prenatal irregular and the 51% are multiparous, the 50% is presented in the second trimester of pregnancy. To know the results we conclude that factors affecting the decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the anaemic pregnant are, birth period, nutritional status, irregular prenatal, and multiparity. Despite them advances achieved in the reduction of anemia continues being a problem that requires attention, by what is poses a plan of promotion and prevention nutritional that contributes in form early and adequate to reduce the morbidity and mortality maternal and perinatal linked to this pathology.
The anemia is an alteration hematologic that courses with levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit low by be a problem of health reproductive that occurs in any stage of the life and during the pregnancy, the same that this associated with greater risk of childbirth premature low weight maternal and neonatal the objective of this study is rating them levels of anemia by concentration of hemoglobin and analysis of them factors associated in pregnant served in the Centre of health the Joint, will stand out some causes and effects. Methodology: The methodology applied in this study was quantitative approach with a sample of 124 pregnant with anemia. Observational, analytical type of cut, transversal and correlational analysis, showed the following results. Results: is evidenced that a 71% of pregnant showed a degree of anemia mild; a 64% have period birth short, the 59% have a low weight, the 56% have controls prenatal irregular and the 51% are multiparous, the 50% is presented in the second trimester of pregnancy. To know the results we conclude that factors affecting the decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the anaemic pregnant are, birth period, nutritional status, irregular prenatal, and multiparity. Despite them advances achieved in the reduction of anemia continues being a problem that requires attention, by what is poses a plan of promotion and prevention nutritional that contributes in form early and adequate to reduce the morbidity and mortality maternal and perinatal linked to this pathology.
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Palabras clave
Anemia ferropénica, Embarazo, Diagnóstico de laboratorio, Epidemiología analítica, Centro de Salud El Empalme, Cantón El Empalme, Ecuador